2019高考写作指导-《概要写作》方式及技巧

高中英语写作指导-《概要写作》该题型提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。原文以说明文、议论文为主,概要,基本就是段落大意。每段用一句话概括,或者两段一个大意,最多用两句话概括。(一)高分要诀1.概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。这就要求考生在写作时要找关键词和主题句,准确理解、分析原文要点,归纳段落大意。2.各要点的表达既要相对独立,又要有适当的衔接,要用适当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬。3.所用句型力求简单,安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。4.不排斥用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。原词同义替换词difficultdemanding,challengingmanynumerous,quantitiesofa(large)numberof/(large)numbersof+可数名词复数plentyof+可数名词复数/不可数名词agood/greatmany+可数名词复数alarge/hugeamountof/largeamountsof+不可数名词manya+可数名词单数badnegative原词同义替换词goodexcellent,outstanding,extraordinary,remarkablebigmassive,enormous,tremendous,giant,vast,large,hugesaddepressed(无望的,失落的);frustrated(沮丧的)abundantample,plentiful,generousdifferentvarious,avarietyof,diversedoubtedskeptical,suspicious(怀疑的)interestingamusing,entertainingbravecourageous,bold,fearlessrichwealthypoorneedy此外,在写作时,要尽量使用短句,慎用长难句。例如,尽量少用关系代词which,who等引导的定语从句,而采用动词-ing形式和过去分词做定语。5.多使用概括性词语,少用具体描述性词语。注意要点之间的衔接。概要写作中的衔接过渡词汇:附加inaddition,and,similarly,likewise,aswellas,besides,furthermore,also,moreover,andthen,too,notonly...but(also)...,even,besidesthis/that顺序first(ly),initially,second(ly),tobeginwith,then,next,earlier/later,beforethis/that,afterthis/that,followingthis/that,afterwards结果asaresult,resultin,thus,so,therefore,consequently,itfollowsthat,thereby,eventually,then,inthatcase,admittedly,accordingly对比/转折过渡however,ontheotherhand,despite,inspiteof,though,although,but,onthecontrary,otherwise,yet,insteadof,rather,ratherthan,whereas肯定obviously,certainly,plainly,ofcourse,undoubtedly,apparently条件if/given,unless,aslongas,whether,providingthat,providedthat,for,sothat,dependingon定义is,refer(s)to,means,thatis,consistof列举过渡目的过渡让步过渡承接过渡firstofallfirstsecondthirdinthefirstplaceinitiallytostartwithfurthermoreinadditionmoreoverwhat’smorefinallywiththeaimofforthesakeofwithaviewtoforthepurposeofalthoughitistrue...thateventhoughofcoursecertainlyadmittedlyindeedtrueassoonasasamatteroffactsotospeakhoweverasitweredayafterdayyearinandyearout举例理由时间总结asanillustrationforinstanceoneexampleforexamplejustasinparticularsuchasnamelytoillustrateacaseinpointtake...forsincebyvirtueofsogivenasaresultofbecause(of)duetoinviewofonaccountofowingtothereasonwhyinotherwordsleadtoforthisreasonbeforesinceasuntilmeanwhileatthemomentwhenwheneverassoonasjustasaccordingtoallinalltosummarizeinsummaryinconclusionasaconsequencelastlybyandlargefinallyconsequentlytosumuphence举例理由时间总结exampleasanotherexampleasanotherinstanceasstillanotherexamplecausenowthatsinceonthegroundthatseeing...thatthustoconcludeinconclusiontorecapitulateingeneralinshortitfollowsthatinbriefonthewhole总括过渡词表示时间表示强调比较asaruleasfarasIamconcernedasformeeconomicallyspeakinggenerallyspeakinginmyopinioninmyviewinsomeattimesafterafterwardsfromthenonimmediatelylatermeanwhilenextnowuntilwhilethenaboveallafterallinfactparticularlythatisanywaychieflyevenworsemoreoftenthanthatsimilarlysimilartothesameasaccordinglyboth...asatthesametimeinthesamemannerinasimilarwayincommon总括过渡词表示时间表示强调比较respectsobviouslyonalargescaleonapersonallevelpracticallyspeakingsimplisticallyspeakingtotaketheideafurthermostimportantofallneedlesstosaynodoubttobesureincommonequallyimportantforonething...foranotherlikewise(二)高分三注意(三)成篇三步骤1.阅读(1)认真阅读给定的原文材料,如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍;阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。(2)画出那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子;决定原文中哪些部分重要,哪些部分次重要;对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。(3)简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括概要写作重要的东西。2.写作(1)尽量用自己的话完成,不要直接引用原文的句子。(2)应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序,这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。(3)写概要写作时可以采用下列几种小技巧:删除细节,只保留主要观点。选择一至两个例子:原文中可能包括五个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至两个例子。把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子:如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。避免重复:在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明,但是这在概要写作中是不能使用的;应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。压缩长句。附1:概要写作常用句式:FirstarguesAtthebeginningtheauthorwrites,statesthatInthefirstpartthereporterpointsoutwhatIntheintroductionexplains,mentionswhythereaderisinformedInthenextpartInthemainpartthereaderisinformedaboutthetheoryFirst;Secondtheauthorgoesonwiththedata/questionthatThen;AfterwardswearetoldaboutthestatisticswhatMoreoverweread/hearaboutthebeliefwhyInadditiontothattheauthorexaminestheargumentifIntheendtheauthoremphasizesFinallythewriterconcludesthatAtlastthepoetfindsthesolutionwhatThefinalpart/sectionthejournalistadds/stresseswhyAsaconclusionthereporterpretendsifSumminguphis/herthoughtsthescientisthints附2:(1)表示文章的内容以及研究目的①Thispaperisaimedat/covers/mainlydealswith...②Thearticlefocusesonthetopicof...(2)表示研究的结论①Theresultshowedthat...②Theauthorfoundthat...③Itwasconcludedthat...(3)表示推荐、观点或建议Theauthorsuggests/considersthat...Suggestionsaremadefor...3.修改成文