M5U1grammar不定式

M5U1Grammar岳州中学高二年级备课组Self-study翻译下列句子，并说明不定式在句子中充当什么成分1.Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。()2.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening()3.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.()4.Wefoundahousetolivein.()5.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.()6.Iwarnedthepatientnottodrinkcoldwateraftertheoperation.()主语表语宾语定语宾语补足语状语语态时态主动语态被动语态一般时进行时完成时(not)todo(not)tobedoing(not)tohavedone(not)tobedone(not)tohavebeendone无Group-study一、不定式做主语二、不定式作表语六、不定式作定语四、不定式作宾语补足语五、不定式作状语三、不定式作宾语附加：用不带to的不定式的情况一、不定式做主语1.观察：LearningEnglishisnecessary.Togotoagooduniversityismydream.动名词和不定式做主语的区别_________________________________________________________________即学即练：_______(save)moneyisnecessary,but_______(save)moneynowisimpossibleforme.动名词表抽象的，一般的概念;Savingtosave不定式表具体的，特定的行为(1)Itis＋adj./n.(＋forsb.／sth.)＋todosth.(2)Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.＋todosth.(3)Ittakessb.＋sometime＋todosth.2.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：(1)Itis＋adj./n.(＋forsb.／sth.)＋todosth.用于此句型的形容词有：easy,hard,difficult,possible,important,impossible,necessary,good,bad,exciting,interesting,surprising等。例如：(1)Itis＋adj./n.(＋forsb.／sth.)＋todosth.用于此句型的形容词有：easy,hard,difficult,possible,important,impossible,necessary,good,bad,exciting,interesting,surprising....eg.Itwasimpossible____them_________(complete)thetaskinsuchashorttime.用于此句型的名词有：pity,shame,pleasure,one’sduty,one’sjob,fun,joy,goodmanners,badmanners等。例如：eg.1.Itisgoodmanners____theyoung______(give)theirseatstotheold.eg.Itisourduty_______________(protect)theearth.fortocompletefortogivetoprotect(2)Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.＋todosth.该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如：kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等。eg.Itisfoolish_____you_________(think)so.oftothink(3)Ittakessb.＋sometime＋todosth.该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。eg.________tookushalfanhour______(ride)tothetownbybike.Ittoride二、不定式作表语主语+系动词+不定式，其主语多为抽象名词(wish,aim......)eg.Mywishis________(be)ascientist.tobe三、不定式作宾语1.常接不定式做宾语的动词：learn;agree;plan;ask;help;decide;want;fail;manage;expect;hope;wish;promise;offer;refuse;choose;afford；wouldlike1.Iwanttobuyacomputer.2.Shehopestofindabetterjob.备注：help可以接带to的不定式，也可以接不带to的不定式2.it做形式宾语，不定式做真正的宾语think/find/feel/consider/make/regarditadj/n.todoeg.1.Ifind____difficult__________(learn)Englishwell.2.Hefeels____hisduty________(help)thepoor.ittolearnittohelp四、动词不定式作宾语补足语：(v.+sb.+todo)e.g.Sheaskedmetohelpher.want;wish;expect;ask;help;tell;get;order;promise;warn;cause;wouldlike;•备注：hope,suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。•改错：Ihopeyoutohaveahappybirthday.wish五、作状语动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如：1).目的状语:可放于句首,也可放于句中,此时to=inorderto，还可以用soasto代替，只是soasto不放于句首eg:Hegotupveryearlytocatchthefirsttrain.•备注：有时看到句子后面出现了haveto，need等，一般可以判断句首用不定式做目的状语。例如：_____________(complete)thetaskontime,Ihadtostayup.Tocomplete2).原因状语:主语+系动词+adj.+todo①.不定式作原因状语主要用于表示表情与心理状态的动词或表语形容词；表示人对某事某物的反应如何，有一种直觉感，常译作“因……而……”的说法。•常见的这类表情心态形容词有（be）glad,happy,sorry,sad,worried,pleased,satisfied,surprised,shocked,terrified,frightened,disappointed，anxious(忧虑)，afraid等。•IamhappytobeyourEnglishteacher.②.sb+be动词+描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如：kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等，接不定式做原因状语eg.Youaresilly_______________(make)somanymistakesinthetest.tohavemade3)结果状语:主要用在enoughto/too…to…/onlyto结构中。eg:1.Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.2.Heisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.3.Ihurriedtothesupermarket,only______(find)itwasclosed.4.Hehurriedtothetheatre,only__________(tell)theticketshadbeensoldout.•备注：下列形容词后常接不定式做结果状语：interesting,difficult,easy,important,possible,expensive,dangerous,useful.（而且此时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义)eg:Thequestioniseasy___________(answer).Heisdifficulttoteach.tofindtobetoldtoanswer六、作定语不定式做定语总是放在它所修饰的名词之后,不定式表示的行为通常是未来的行为,它们常和被修饰的词有动宾关系,主谓关系和修饰性关系.1).动宾关系:（若是不及物动词，介词不能省略Ihavealotofworktodo.Givemeapieceofpapertowrite_____.Ihavenoonetotalk__________.Pleasefindachairtosit_______.withto/withon2).主谓关系:Sheisthebestpersontofinishthework.Womenandchildrenwerethefirsttogetintothelifeboat.3)修饰性关系(同位),它所修饰的词多为抽象名词.ability,chance,way,,need,time,attempt,,decision,effort,failure,promise,right,courage,reason,wish,eg.1.Butshegaveupthechance_______(go)abroad.2.Thereisnoneedforhim________(come).3.Hehasnotimetoreadthebook.togotocome•备注：下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：•由only,first,last,next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。例如：•Whowasthelastone_______(leave)theclassroomlastnight?toleave附加：用不带to的不定式的情况：1.使役动词(let,make，have)2.实义动词help3.感官动词4.在固定结构后5.but前有do后无to1.使役动词(let,make，have)letsbdosthmakesbdosthhavesbdosth但是如果let与make用于被动语态，此时要接带to的不定式eg.Theteacheroftenlets/makes/hashisstudentsreadaloudinclass.=Hisstudentsisoftenlet/made____________aloudinclasstoread2.实义动词help可以接不带to的不定式，也可以接带to的不定式Ioftenhelpmymother_______somehousework.=Ioftenhelpmymother_____________somehousework.dotodo3.感官动词(hear,see,watch,notice,observe,feel.....)4.在固定结构hadbetter(not)do,wouldratherdo,whynotdo,prefertodoratherthando,wouldratherdothando后(1)Youhadbettergetupatonce.（变否定句）→________________________________(2)Whynot＿＿＿(go)swimmingthisafternoon?Youhadbetternotgetupatonce.go5.but翻译为“除了”，如果but前面是动词do，则不定式不加to注意：如果but前面不是动词do，则不定式要加to(1)Wehadnothingtodobut______(watch)TV.(2)Ihavenochoicebut________(wait)here.watchtowaitQuiz单句改错题：1.Isitnecessaryofhimtore