Unit3V-ing作定语表语和宾语补足语

1必修四Unit3动词-ing形式作定语、表语和宾补一、V-ing形式作定语动名词作定语用来说明该名词的用途，不表示名词本身的动作；现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，即现在分词相当于所修饰名词的谓语。Wemustimproveourworkingmethod.（动名词）Theysetupanoperatingtableinasmalltemple.（动名词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry.（现在分词）Thestudentmakingtheexperimentisourmonitor.（现在分词）全析提示：1.动名词短语不能作定语，单个的动名词可以用作定语，但仅作前置定语。workingmethod=methodforworking工作方法2.单个分词和分词短语都可作定语，单个分词一般作前置定语，分词短语则作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。themanvisitingJapan=themanwhoisvisitingJapan.二、V-ing形式作表语动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般的行为，现在分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。Ourgreatesthappinessisservingthepeople.（动名词）Ourtaskisbuildingsocialism.（动名词）Thefilmwesawlastnightisquitemoving.（现在分词）Hiswordsareencouraging.（现在分词）常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。全析提示：（1）动名词作表语和主语是等值关系，两者有时可以互换，句子意思不变；动名词后面可以接宾语、状语。（2）现在分词作表语和主语不是对等关系，现在分词后面不能接宾语，但它前面可以有修饰性的副词，如very,rather等。三、V-ing形式作宾补动名词不能作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补表示的是正在发生的动作。Isawhimgoingupstairs.Wewatchedhercrossingthestreet.Weheardhersinginginherroom。能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。Wesawalightburninginthewindow.Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.Canyousmellanythingburning?Listentothebirdssinging.Ididn’tnoticehimwaiting.2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：Iwon’thaveyoudoingthat.Thissetmethinking.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.3.see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：①前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。Wepassedbytheclassmatesandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.②如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作，而-ing形式则表示反复动作。Weheardthedoorslam.(一次动作)Weheardthedoorslamming.(反复动作)习题巩固：指出动词ing形式的成分1.Doyoufinditfunnytoseesomeoneslidingonabananaskin,bumpingintosomeoneelseroundacorner,orfallingdownaholeintheroad?2sliding,bumping,falling作_____2.Hebecamefamousforusingaparticularformofacting,includingmimeandfarce.using作介词for的_____including作______3.…Buthewaslivedbyallwhowatchedthefilmsforhisdeterminationinovercomingdifficultiesandbeingkindevenwhenpeoplewereunkindtohim.overcoming作___________4.ThatwastheproblemfacingCharlieChaplininoneofhismostfamousfilms.facing作____5.Heloveditbyusingnonverbalhumor.using作________6.Theirjobis“panningforgold”.panning作________7.Finallyhetriescuttingandeatingthebottomoftheshoe.cutting,eating作_____选择巩固：1.Don’tleavethewater_______whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.TellMarythatthere’ssomeone____forheratthedoor.A.waitingB.waitedC.waitsD.towait3.The_______waitercameuptousandsaid,“Youarewelcome.”A.smilingB.smiledC.smileD.tosmile4.Aphonecallsenthim_______tothehospital.A.hurryB.hurryingC.tohurryD.hurried5.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying6.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_______acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed7.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest_______inourcity.A.needsrepairingB.needingrepairedC.neededrepairingD.needingtoberepaired8.Thedrunkenhusbandknockedagainstthetableandsentthebowls_______inalldirectionsbeforehewassent_______byhiswife.A.flying;tosleepB.flying;sleepingC.tofly;tosleepingD.tofly;tosleep9.Whenwegotbackfromthecinema,wefoundthelamp_______butthedoor_______.A.beingon;shutB.burning;shuttingC.burning;shutD.on;shutting10.Asisknowntousall,travelingis_____,butweoftenfeel_____whenwearebackfromtravels.A.interesting;tiredB.interested;tiringC.interesting;tiringD.interested;tired11.Thewomanfounditnogood_____herdaughtertoomuchmoney.A.givingB.beinggivenC.givenD.gave12.Asthestonewastooheavytomove,Ileftit_____ontheground.A.layingB.layC.lyingD.lain13.John’sbadhabitis_____withoutthoroughunderstanding.A.readB.beingreadC.tobereadD.reading回顾高考：1.The______boywaslastseen______nearthebankofthelake.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay2.Whenwewatchedthenationalflag______intheOlympicGamesonTV,weraisedacheer.A.riseB.beingrisenC.raisedD.beingraised3.Hewasinhospitalforsixmonths.Hefeltasifhewas______fromtheoutsideworld.A.cutoutB.cutoffC.cutupD.cutthrough4.Wesatthere,______withwhatwelistenedto.A.satisfyingB.tosatisfyC.contentedD.content3宾语补足语宾语状语介词宾语定语介词宾语表语宾语BAABDCDACAACD1解析：Amissing是形容词，作boy的定语，意思是“失踪的”。waslastseenplaying表示被看见时正在玩。2解析：A本题考查分词作补语，rise是不及物动词，先排除A、B两项，国旗是被人们升起的，应该用分词的被动形式，句意为：当看到电视中奥林匹克运动会上国旗正在被升起时，我们欢呼起来。3解析：Bcutout的意思是“切下；删除”。cutoff意思是“切断；使(人、城镇)孤立”。cutup的意思是“切碎”。cutthrough的意思是“穿越”。本句的意思是：他住院六个月感到似乎与外界隔绝了。4解析：D本题考查动词用法。satisfied表示“感到满意的”，把A、B两项排除；content既是形容词，又是动词，becontentwith对……满足。