雅思写作之状语从句

雅思写作基础教程雅思基础写作第四讲动词与非谓语动词动词概况定义：表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。可分为四类，分别是：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词：Wearehavingameeting.HehasgonetoNewYork.分类：1.实义动词---play,eat,murder,investigate2.系动词本身有词义，系动词后面必须接表语，用来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。be;seem,look,appear;remain,keep,stay;feel,smell,sound,look;become,turn,grow,fall;prove,turnout翻译：这谣言证明有假。他开会时总是保持沉默。他看起来很生气。这花闻起来很香。他梦想成为一名保安。3.助动词---be,have,do,shall,will,should,would协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用：Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：a.Heissinging.Hehasgotmarried.b.HewassenttoEngland.c.DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?d.Idon'tlikehim.e.Docometothepartytomorrowevening.Hedidknowthat.4.情态动词---must,need,can,may,should,dare,oughtto,haveto情态动词用法？雅思写作基础教程Exercise:findalltheverbsthatarecontainedinthefollowingpassage.AgoodchessplayerAmanwenttovisitafriendandwasamazedtofindhimplayingchesswithhisdog.Hewatchedthegameinastonishmentforawhile.Icanhardlybelievemyeyes!heexclaimed.That'sthesmartestdogI'veeverseen.Nah,he'snotsosmart,thefriendreplied.I'vebeatenhimthreegamesoutoffive.非謂語動词：讓句子簡潔有力定义：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。比较：JohnkilledJack.HavingkilledJack,Johndismemberedthebodyandthrewthemaboutintotheriver.形式:不定式---动名词—分词---动名词作主语、表语和宾语。FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.Herjobistakingcareofthechildren.Wouldyoumind(turning,toturn)downyourradioalittle,please?(V+-ing)Onhearingthenews,hecan’thelpcryingout./burstoutcrying.(phrase+-ing)以下这些短语接动名词作宾语：Objectto,lookforwardto,beusedto,prefer…to…,devoteoneselfto…,can’thelp,setabout.翻译：解决环境问题的另一个方法是禁止一次性产品。(disposableproducts)Anothersolutionto______________is_____________________.他盼望有一天能穿上的确良衬衫。(Dacron)Helooksforward_______________________aDacronshirt.吃肉也增加患心脏病的危险。__________alsoincreasestheriskofheartdiseases.不定式1.作主語，常用it作形式主語Toerrishuman,toforgiveisdivine.人非圣贤，孰能无过。Itisunwisetodemolishthosepreciousantiquebuildings.2.作表語雅思写作基础教程Hisdreamistobeadoctor.3.宾语TheFinancialMinisterpromisedtorevivethedomesticeconomyinthenearfuture.4.补语基本形式：动词+宾语+不定式tell/asksb.todosth.被动形式：be+动词被动式+不定式Webelievehimtobeguilty.=Heisbelievedtobeguilty.5.状语Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.Tomakefinalsuccess,youhavetomakegreatefforts.翻译：我打算讨论一下克隆技术的利弊。Iintend__________theprosandconsof_____________.卖油条是一项很有前途的职业；即使总理不付钱，也不卖给他吃！(oilystick)_________isavery_____profession,andeventhepresidentcannoteatthesticksunless_________.为了保护生态平衡，我们应该尽力避免破坏自然栖息地。(naturalhabitat)_____________,weshouldtryto______________naturalhabitats.海外留学背景令我们比别人具有优势。Anoverseasstudybackgroundenablesus____________________________.I'llusemyseeingeyedogAblindmanwithaseeingeyedogathissidewalksintoagrocerystore.Themanwalkstothemiddleofthestore,picksupthedogbythetail,andstartsswingingthedogaroundincirclesoverhishead.Thestoremanager,whohasseenallthis,thinksthisisquitestrange.So,hedecidestofindoutwhat'sgoingon.Thestoremanagerapproachestheblindmanswingingthedogandsays,Pardonme.MayIhelpyouwithsomething.Theblindmansays,Nothanks.I'mjustlookingaround.分词分词既有动词的特征，又有形容词和副词的特征。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。比较：Lookingintothedistance,hewasatalosswhattodonext.Dumpedbyhisgirlfriend,hedecidedtocommitauto-cide.現在分词：主动；进行過去分词：被动；完成雅思写作基础教程1.分词作定语---相当于形容词或定语从句therisingsun=thesunthatwasrising,aruinedhouse=thehousethatwasruinedToomanytouristsfloodingthetouristattractionsposepotentialthreattotheconservationofculturalrelics.=Manydriversarepenalisedaccordingtothenewlyissuedregulations.=2.分词作状语---相当于状语从句分词作状语，可以表示时间，原因，理由，条件，让步，伴随等，相当于一个状语从句，或者可以看做状语从句去掉连接词和主语后的形式。分词形式必须跟主句的主语保持一致。即：分词状语部分的动作和主句主语若是主动关系，则必须用现在分词；若是被动关系，则必须用过去分词。Servinginthearmy,femalescandevelopindependence,confidence,self-respectandself-reliance.=Iffemalesserveinthearmy,theycan…DeeplyinfluencedbyexcessiveviolenceandpornographyontheInternet,someyoungsterserrfromtherightpath.=Becausesomeyoungstersareinfluencedby…,they…翻译：由于缺少钱，许多适龄儿童辍学并成了乞丐。(eligiblechildren,dropout)______________,manyeligiblechildrendropoutofschoolandbecomebeggars.在动物园里，稀有动物可以享受到更好的居住环境和专业的照料。__________,somerareanimalscanenjoy____________and_________________.得知女儿跟别人私奔的消息，史密斯气得昏了过去。___________________,Smithfaintedforfury.★非谓语动词的完成式现在分词：havingdone过去分词：havingbeendone当分词短语中的动作与主句的动作有明显的先后关系时，分词要用完成式。例如：Havingfinishedherhomework,shewentouttoplay.Havingbeenabusedbyhisfatherwhenhewasyoung,MichaelJacksondecidedtohelpchildrenwhowereinrealneed.翻译：在地里忙完一天后，农民们扛着锄头回家了。(toil)____________________,thefarmerswentbackhomewiththeirhoes.雅思写作基础教程在被老板训斥一通后，乔治准备辞职。____________________,Georgedecidedtoresign.★with复合结构Hestoodthere,withhishandraised.With复合结构表示伴随：with+名词(代词)+V-ing/V-ed/adj./adv./todo/prepositionphrase翻译：谋杀犯被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。Themurdererwasbroughtin,___________________________________.他蓦然从座位上站起来，脸色苍白。Herosefromthechairsuddenly,_____________________________.HomeworkThechartbelowshowsinformationaboutHeartAttacksbyAgeandGenderinUSA.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.