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GMAT数学1GMAT数学讲义数学词汇1.数学符号等于:≡equalto,thesameas,is不等于:>morethan<lessthan≥nomorethan加:+addAtoB,plus,sumofAandB,total减:-minus,less,difference,subtractAfromB乘:×multiply,product除:÷AdividedbyB,AdividedintoB,AdivisiblebyB绝对值:|…|absolutevalue平方:2Xsquare立方:3Xcube开平方:squareroot开立方:3cuberoot平行://parallelto垂直:⊥perpendicularto2.数字前缀1:uni,mono,2:bi,du,di3:tri,ter4:tera,quad5:penta,quint6:hex,sex7:sept,hapta8:oct9:enn10:dec,deka3.方程Equation方程solution解4.4.数列和集合arithmeticprogression等差数列geometricprogression等比数列set集合term子集sequence序列term序列中的项inclusive包含序列的首末项exclusive不包含序列的首末项5.排列组合与概率combination组合probability,possibility概率6.数论commondivision公约数commonfactor公因子compositenumber合数(质数与1以外的自然数)consecutiveinteger连续整数digit位dividend被除数divide除以divisor除数divisibleby可整除的evenlydivisible可整除的evennumber偶数factor因子integer整数irrational无理数leastcommonmultiple最小公倍数multiple公倍数naturalnumber自然数negativenumber负数nonzero非零oddnumber奇数positivenumber正数primefactor质因子primenumber质数quotient商rational有理数realnumber实数remainder余数wholenumber整数units’digit个位数tens’digit十位数hundreds'digit百位数2-digitnumber两位数GMAT数学27.单利复利和价格compoundinterest复利cost成本discount折扣downpayment预付款,现付款interestrate利率listprice标价margin利润markup涨价markdown降价markup毛利profit利润purchasingprice购买价retailvalue零售价saleprice销售价simpleinterest单利8.其他代数addition加arithmeticmean算术平均数average平均数base底数closestapproximation近似decimal小数decimalnotation十进制decimalpoint小数点decreased下降后的decrease···to···从···下降至···decreaseby···下降了define定义denominator分母denote表示,代表depreciation折旧distinct不同的expression表达式fraction分数geometricmean几何平均数improperfraction假分数increased增加后的increased···to···从···增加到···increaseby···增加了intermsof用···表达leastpossible最小值maximum最大值minimum最小值multiply乘multiplier乘数numerator分子percapita人均power质数proportionalto正比于properfaction真分数ratio比率reciprocal倒数reduced降低后roundedtothenearesttenth四舍五入到十分位successive,inarow连续的tehth十分位tenths’digit十分位tie平局times几倍twodigits两个数字twiceasmanyAasBA是B的两倍3/2asmanyAasBA是B的3/2倍Ais20%morethanBA比B多20%(A-B)/B=20%9.几何abscissa横坐标acuteangle锐角altitude高arc弧area面积anglebisector角平分线bisect平分center中心chord弦circle圆circumference圆周长circumscribe外切,外接clockwise顺时针concentriccircle同心圆cone圆锥congruent全等的coordinate坐标counterclockwise逆时针cube正方体cylinder圆柱decagon十边形GMAT数学3degree角度diameter直径diagonal对角线dimension大小,维度distance距离duenorth正北方equilateraltriangle等边三角形face面height高hexagon六边形hypotenuse斜边isoscelestriangle等腰三角形inscribe内接,内切intersect相交length长度medianofatriangle三角形的中线midpoint中点numberlines数轴obtuseangle钝角octagon八边形ordinate纵坐标overlap交叠parallelogram平行四边形pentagon五边形perimeter周长parallellines平行线perpendicularlines垂直线plane平面polygon多边形quadrant象限quadrilateral四边形radius半径radian弧度(弧长/半径)regularpolygon正多边形rectangularsolid长方体rectangle长方形rightangle直角righttriangle直角三角形square正方形sphere球side边surfacearea表面积straightangle平面segment线段tangent切线triangle三角形vertex(vertices)angle顶角verticalangle对顶角volume体积width宽数学知识与技巧一、方程与方程组引入:例1:蓝皮书P133第三题Ify=52x-2xandx=3,theny=?(A)24(B)27(C)39(D)51(E)219例2:蓝皮书P136第20题Ify≠3and3x/yisaprimeintegergreaterthan2,whichofthefollowingmustbetrue?Ⅰ.x=yⅡ.y=1Ⅲ.xandyareprimeintegers(A)None(B)Ⅰonly(C)Ⅱonly(D)Ⅲonly(E)ⅠandⅢ例3:蓝皮书P136第24题If2x=3y=10,then12xy=?(A)1,200(B)200(C)120(D)40(E)201.一元二次方程02cbxaxGMAT数学4aacbbx2422,1一般常用因式分解法:1,30)1)(3(032212xxxxxx十字交叉法例1:蓝皮书P140第50题Ifxisanumbersuchthat0232xxand022xx,whatisthevalueofx?(A)-2(B)-1(C)0(D)1(E)2例2:蓝皮书P173第264题?8232XX)4)(23)(()4)(23)(()2)(43)(()2)(43)((XXDXXCXXBXXA(E)noneoftheabove例3:蓝皮书P210第499题Inacertaingame,alargecontainerisfilledwithred,yellow,green,andbluebeadsworth,respectively,7,5,3,and2pointseach.Anumberofbeadsarethenremovedfromthecontainer.Iftheproductofthepointvaluesoftheremovedbeadsis147,000,howmanyredbeadswereremoved?(A)5(B)4(C)3(D)2(E)0例4:蓝皮书P155第148题Ifxandyarepositiveintegersand151xyyx,whatisthevalueofyx(A)3(B)5©6(D)8(E)9界定范围法例1:蓝皮书P143第69题37.0103.011(A)0.004(B)0.02775(C)2.775(D)3.6036(E)36.036例2:蓝皮书P148第98题Ofthefollowing,whichifclosestto97.949515.0?(A)7.5(B)15(C)75(D)150(E)750例3:蓝皮书P144第76题4496isbetween(A)3and4(B)4and5(C)5and6(D)6and7(E)7and82.二元一次方程组消去其中一个元素即可例1:53yx(1)42yx(2)GMAT数学5(1)—(2),消去y,得x=1,y=2蓝皮书P147第92题If852yxandyx23,whatisthevalueofyx2?(A)4(B)70/19(C)64/19(D)56/19(E)40/19注意:并不是任何二元一次方程组都有唯一解。例2:53yx(1)1026yx(2)上述方程有无穷多解。例3:53yx(1)726yx(2)无解。3.二元二次方程组一般只考如下形式:111cybxa(1)2323222cybyaxbxa(2)即其中的一个方程为一次。这种形式等价于一元二次方程,把(1)代入(2)即可。4.不等式如果不等式两边同时乘以或者除以一个负数,这时不等式的方向发生变化。如果不等式两边同时乘以或者除以一个正数,这时不等式的方向不发生变化。若ab0,a0,则b0若ab,c0,则acbc若ab,c0,则acbc(注意c的符号的影响)若|x—a|b,则—bx—ab,反之亦然,即两者等价。若|x—a|b,则x—ab或x—a—b例:若n=kp且p0,kp?(1)n2p(2)n2k二、数列与集合1.等差数列dnaan)1(12/)(1naasnn1/)(1daann例:小于100的自然数中有多少个是3的倍数?蓝皮本P201第444题Howmanyintegersbetween324,700and458,600havetensdigit1andunitsdigit3?(A)10,300(B)10,030,(C)1,353(D)1,352(E)1,3392.等比数列11nnqaa,qqasnn111当1q时,qas11例:?2121212132蓝皮本P169第237题Ifthesequence1x,2x,3x,nxissuchthat31xand121nnxxfor,1nthen1920xx(A)192(B)202GMAT数学6(C)212(D)1220(E)1221蓝皮本P179第299题Thesequence,,,,21naaaissuchthatxaann12forallpositiveintegers2nandforcertainnumberx.If995aand273a,what
本文标题:新版GMAT数学知识点及例题讲解
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