英语修辞学..

PracticalRhetoricJiangLeiCollegeofForeignStudiesWhatisRhetoric?•Theartofusingwordsinspeakingorwritingsoastopersuadeorinfluenceothers.•Theartofeffectivelyusinglanguageinspeechorwriting,includingtheuseoffiguresofspeech.•Rhetoricisthetheoryofinformativeandpersuasivediscourse.•Rhetoricisakindofartwhichdealswithhowtomanipulatelanguageeffectively.WhatisRhetoric?•Whatrhetoricconcernsishowtomakeaneffectivechoicebetweentwosynonymousexpressions.•修辞:修饰文字、词句,运用各种表现方式,使语言表达得准确、鲜明而生动有力(《现代汉语词典》)•修辞:依据题旨情境,运用各种语文材料、各种表现手法,恰当地表现写说者所要表达的内容的一切活动.(《辞海》)TheResearchObject不是具体地研究语音、词汇、语法的本质特点、内部规律、使用规范等,而是从功能着眼,根据具体的语言环境,研究怎样运用语音、词汇、语法这些语言材料最恰当地表达意思,取得最佳的表达效果.TheResearchObject修辞(rhetoric)一词意为语言的艺术,或语言表达的一种有效地表情达意的方式.手法(device),文学巨匠莎士比亚称之为”奇妙的构思”.“修辞手法”是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术,既能营造文采效果,又能激起情感的涟漪,能使语言具体形象、生动活泼,给人以美的享受.Contents•PhoneticDevices(音韵修辞)•SemanticDevices(语义修辞)•SyntacticDevices(句法修辞)PartIPhoneticDevices•alliteration(头韵)•assonance(元韵)•consonance(谐音)•onomatopoeia(拟音)Section1Alliteration押头韵增添乐感•DefinitionAlliteration,nicknamedinitialrhymeorheadrhyme,originatesfromLatinlanguage.Itreferstotherepetitionofthesamebeginningsoundofseveralwordsinsequence,orthereoccurrenceofthesameinitialsoundinwordsinclosesuccession.Inotherwords,thesameconsonantsoundisrepeatedatintervalsintheinitialpositionwordsoraseriesofwordsthatbeginwiththesameletter,orsoundalike.Section1Alliteration•Function1.callsspecialattentiontothephrases2.fixestheminthereader'smind3.foremphasisofmusicaleffect4.theeffectofart5.employedfordescriptiveeffect6.beemployedsimplytoimpresssomethingonone'smemorythroughsheerrepetitionofinitialsoundsSection1Alliteration•Uses1.NamesRonadeReaganMarilynMonroeGalileoGalileiTheGreatGatsbySongsandSonnetsSection1Alliteration2.PhrasesandSentencescraftyconfusionforthefantasyoffamedelightedanddolepaintedpompfirstandforemostsaintsandsinnersinwealorwoesafeandsoundSection1AlliterationthroughthickandthinawarofwitandwordsblackandbluethenandtherebedandboardnowandneverSection1Alliteration3.Idiomsandproverbs•Nosweetwithoutsweat.•Greatgiftsarefromgreatmen.•Theworstwheelofacartmakesmostnoise.•Apennywise,apoundfoolish.•Thesoundshouldbeanechotothesense.•Will,workandwaitarethepyramidalcornerstonesforsuccess.Section1Alliteration•Lovelaughsatlocksmiths.•Forbiddenfruitissweet.•Fortunefavorsthefool.•AIlriversrunintosea.•Beautyliesinthelover'seyes.•Abadbeginningmakesabadending.•Manyalittlemakesamickle.•Carekilledthecat.•Beswifttohear,slowtospeak,slowtowrath.Section1Alliteration4.TonguetwistersSusanSellsSeaShellsShesellssea-shellsbythesea-shore,Andtheshellsshesellsaresea-shells,I'msure;Soifshesellsseashellsbythesea-shore,Theshellsshesellsaresea-shells,forsure.Section2Assonance1.DefinitionAssonanceinvolvestheechoingor“resemblance”ofvowelsoundsinthestressedsyllablesofasequenceofrhymingwords.Theword“assonance”rootsfromtheFrenchword“assonare”meaningtorespondtosound.Simplyput,assonancedealswithsimilarvowelsoundsrepeatedinsuccessiveorproximatewordscontainingdifferentconsonants.Section2Assonance2.FunctionAssonanceisusedspecificallytocreatesoundtothewritingthroughtheuseofvowels.Thisissimilartoarhymeandisdonebytakingvowelsthatareindifferentwordsandusingthemrepetitively.Poetsofallageshaveusedthisdevicetoeffectivelyconveyvarioussensoryimpressions.Andinprose,especiallydescriptiveprose,assonancealsoservestoemphasizethequalityofsomeperson,sceneorfeeling.Section2Assonance元韵修辞是一种通过语调、节奏和音韵而不是词义来获得修辞效果的修辞手法,使用得当可增加语句的音乐感,令人听起来有飞珠喷玉之感.元韵修辞手法能使文章显得声情并茂,具有很强的渗透力和震撼力.Section2Assonance3.Uses•Assonanceisusuallyonlyusedinashortspace,suchasinasentenceorphrase.•Bydoingthis,itcreatesaneffectthatallowsthewritingtomoveforwarddifferently,suchaswithrhythmtothewordsbeingused.•Whenusingassonance,thewordsdonothaveadirectrhyme.•Whenassonanceisused,thevowelsareabletoaccentwhatisbeingsaid.Asthishappens,arhythmisdevelopedintheareaswheretheaccentfalls.Section2Assonance•3.1PhrasesquiterightfreeasabreezehighasakitequitelikeahotpotsilentchildhealthyandwealthyfoolishtoolSection2Assonance•3.2Sentences(1)Truthsitsuponthelipsofadyingman.(2)Punishingisjusticefortheunjust(3)Happinessinmarriageisentirelyamatterofchance.(4)Lifeistooshortforchess.(5)Mostquarrelsareinevitableatthetime;incredibleafterwards.(6)Debtisbetterthandeath.(7)Amancanhavebutonelifeandonedeath,oneheaven,onehell.Section2Assonance•3.3ParagraphsAndso,allthenighttide,Iliedownbytheside;Ofmydarling!Mydarling!Mylifeandmybride.____EdgarAllenPoeSection2AssonanceIshallneverseehermoreWherethereedsandrushesquiverShiver,quiver;Standbesidethesobbingriver;Sobbing,throbbing,inthefalling;Tothesandylonesomeshore._____JeanIngelow,“TheHighTideontheCoastofLincolnshire,1571Section3Consonance1.DefinitionItreferstotherepetitionofinternalorendingconsonantsoundsofwordsclosetogetherespeciallyinpoetry.Inotherwords,itistherepetition,atcloseintervals,ofthefinalconsonantsofaccentedsyllablesorimportantwords,especiallyattheendofwords,asinblankandthinkorstrongandstring.Section3Consonance2.Function1.1Phraseslitterandbatter小动物和击球手spelledandscald拼写和清洗laughedanddeft微笑和灵巧dressandboss衣服和老板Sec