FoodTraceabilityandAuthenticity-GlobalIssues食

FoodTraceabilityandAuthenticity-GlobalIssuesAndrewCannavanFAO/IAEAAgriculture&BiotechnologyLaboratorySeibersdorf,AustriaInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency•Since1957-theworld'sforemostinter-governmentalforumforscientificandtechnicalcooperationinthepeacefuluseofnucleartechnology•MemberStates–currently150•Dept.ofNuclearSciencesandApplications•1964-JointFAO/IAEADivisionofNuclearApplicationsinFoodandAgricultureestablishedwww.iaea.orgCoordination&supportofresearchFAO/IAEAProgramme-NuclearTechniquesinFoodandAgricultureDevelopmentandcapacitybuildingLaboratorysupportInformationdisseminationhttp://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/index.htmlFoodandEnvironmentalProtectionObjective–ToenhanceMemberStatescapabilitiestoreducefoodsafetyhazardsandprotecttheenvironmentthroughnuclearandrelatedtechniqueshttp://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/fep/index.htmlFAO/IAEATrainingandReferenceCentreforFoodandPesticideControlIAEACoordinatedResearchProjectFoodTraceabilityandAuthenticitythroughIsotopeRatioTechniques•5-yearproject,consultancy2010,projectcommencing2011•~10developingcountryresearchcontracts•~5researchagreementholderstoprovideadviceandguidance.MeetingConsumers’Demands•IncreasedglobaltradehasmadeawidevarietyoffoodsaccessibletotheEuropeanconsumer•Consumersnowexpectexoticfoodstobeavailableontheirsupermarketshelvesfromlangoustines….tomangosteensTheyalsoexpecttheirfoodstobesafeandtraceableWhatisfoodtraceability?•Theabilitytotrackanyfood,feed,foodproducinganimalorsubstancethatwillbeusedforconsumption,throughallstagesofproduction,processinganddistribution(EU)•Theabilitytofollowthemovementofafoodthroughspecifiedstage(s)ofproduction,processinganddistribution(CodexAlimentarius)Whydoweneedfoodtraceability?DriversfortraceabilityCourtesyofKathrynAnne-MarieDonnellyCertification•Manycertificationbodies/schemesrequiresomeformofdocumentationofproductandprocessinformation:–Organicproduce–FairTrade–FoodMilesCultural/ReligiousIssues•TraceabilitytoguaranteetheprovenanceofHalalfood•WorldHalalForum(KualaLumpur,2008)–“Traceabilitywillbecomecrucialespeciallyforcompanieslookingtopenetratethesophisticatedglobalmarket”SupplyChainManagement•Enhancedby–Effectivedata/informationexchange–Electronicsystems–Standardisation•Hamperedby–DifferentinformationexchangeprotocolsandformatsCompetitiveAdvantage•Consumersexpectfoodtobesafe–Ifnot,putresponsibilityandblameonproduct,producerandexportingcountry•Wantmoreinformationontheirfood–Includingtraceabilityinformation•CanincreasebrandvalueLegislation•Coversallfood&feedandallfood&feedbusinessoperatorsandimporters•Onestepback–onestepforward•Protectionofconsumers–foodsafety•Targetedwithdrawaloffoods•ConsumersprovidedwithtargetedandaccurateinformationonimplicatedproductsLegislationSomelimitations:•Operatorsdonothavetoestablishaninternaltraceabilitylinkbetweenincomingandoutgoingproducts•Norequirementsfortransformationrecords(splittingandcombiningbatches)•Thebusinessoperatordecidesuponthelevelofdetailofthesystem–commensuratewiththenatureandsizeofthebusinessCodexGuidelineCAC/GL60-2006Principlesfortraceability/producttracingasatoolwithinafoodinspectionandcertificationsystem•Oneofanumberoftoolsthatmaybeusedwithinafoodinspection/certificationsystem•Importersshouldconsiderthatfoodsafetyequivalence(samelevelofprotection)maybeprovidedwithoutatraceabilitysystem•Shouldnotbemandatoryforexportingcountrytoreplicatetheimportingcountry’straceabilitytool•Traceabilitytooldoesnotinitselfimprovefoodsafetyoutcomes–mustbecombinedwithothermeasures•Canprotectconsumersagainstdeceptivemarketingpractices/fraudFoodSafetyAsamplingofconsumerproductrecallssince2006(source-IBM)FoodSafety•Dioxincontaminationinpork&beefinIreland,Dec2008–Only8%ofpigherdexposedtocontaminatedfeed,butacceptedleveloftraceabilityinporkindustrymeantthatallIrishpork&porkproductsfrom1stSeptwererecalled.•ToppsMeat–E.colicontaminationresultedintotalproductrecall(USA,2008)•RecallofPCApeanutproductsduetoSalmonellacontamination(2008-09)•SalmonellacontaminationofpeppersfromMexicoexportedtoUSA(2009)•PackagedspinachcontaminatedwithE.coli–3deaths,100hospitalised,200moresick(USA,2006)•Melamineininfantproducts(China)FoodSafety•OneormorereceiptsofbeeftrimcontaminatedwithE.coli•Traceabilitysystemineffective–totalproductionrecall(21.7millionpoundsofbeef)•CompanygoesbankruptTopps(USA)FoodSafetyCourtesyofShaunKennedyFoodSafetyEffectivetraceabilityisdependentonvariousfactors,e.g.•Epidemiology–identificationofthefoodorcomponenttobetraced•Availabilityofdata“realtime”•ComplexityofsupplychainsFoodSafetySalmonellaintomatoes?peppers?FoodSafetySalmonella–tomatoesorpeppers?•Inconclusiveepidemiology•Limitedtraceabilitysystems•Complicatedsupplychains•Privatesector,production&importdatanotconsistentwithpresumptiveepidemiologydata•Initialalert/restrictionscostthedomestictomatoindustryatleast$100millionFoodSafetyComplexSupplyChains320importersinMexicosuppliedpepperstoU.S.340consigneesreceivedpeppersfromMexico500producersinMexicosuppliedpepperstoU.S.FoodSafetyComplexSupplyChainsCourtesyofShaunKennedyNCFPDConsigneesofMexicoSourcedP