Unit2--The-Company-Man

Unit2TheCompanyManTypeA&TypeBPersonality•FriedmanandRosenman(1959)conductedstudiesonthelinkbetweenstressandheartdisease.OneoftheoutcomeswasthediscoveryofTypeAandTypeBpersonalities.TypeA•PeoplewhoareclassifiedashavingTypeApersonalityhavecharacteristicslike:highlyactive,competitive,aggressive,hostile,impatient,fasttalkingandthinking.TypeA•Theyhaveasenseoftimeurgency,finditdifficulttorelax,andoftenbecomeimpatientandangrywhentheygetdelayed(oriftheyaregoingtobelate)orarearoundotherpeoplewhomtheyviewasincompetent.ItisassumedthatTypeApeopletendtohavemoreriskofheartdiseasethanTypeBpeople.TypeBPeoplewhoareclassifiedashavingTypeBpersonalityarebetteratrelaxingwithoutfeelingguiltyandworkingwithoutbecominganxiousoragitated.Someoftheothercharacteristicsincludebeingmorerelaxedabouttime(theydon'tgetoverlystressedaboutbeinglate),andarenoteasilyangered.TypeB•Youprobablyknowpeoplewhojustseemedtoberelaxedpeoplewhodon’tgetangryoften;thesearethecharacteristicsofaTypeB.TheyaretheoppositeofTypeApeople.•TypeOTypeOBloodpeoplearesaidtosetthemoodforagroupandtotakeontheroleofcreatingharmonyamongitsmembers.Theirimageisoneoftakingiteasy,ofbeingpeacefulandcarefree.Theyarealsothoughttobebig-heartedandbenevolent,andtheytendtospendmoneyonothersgenerously.TypeO•OTypesaregenerallylovedbyall.But,theyalso,surprisingly,haveastubbornandstrong-willedside,aswell,andtendtosecretlyhavetheirownopinionsonthings.Ontheotherhand,theyhavetheflexible,adaptablesideofreadilyacceptingnewthings.TheyareeasilyinfluencedbyotherpeopleorbywhattheyseeonTV.Theyseemtoappearlevel-headedandtrustworthy,buttheyoftenslipandmakebigblundersinadvertently.ButthatisalsothepointthatmakesOTypeslovable.•Whichdoyougenerallybelongto,TypeA,TypeBorTypeOpersonality?•Whateffectdoesyourpersonalitybringabouttoyourlife?Whatdoyouknowaboutworkaholism?Workaholism•Workaholismisamodernaddiction.Manypeoplehavebeenafflictedbyit.•Thecauseofworkaholismisthatprofessionalachievementsaretiedupwithself-image.Structureof“workaholism”•Thephenomenonissowidespreadanditssocialconsequencessodamagingthatithasacquiredthenicknameworkaholism,acombinationofthewordsworkandalcoholism.Canyounamesomefeaturesofaworkaholic?•Theyresisttakingbreaksorrewardingthemselveswithvacations.Iftheymusttakevacations,they'relikelytobehighlyorganizedandgoal-oriented.•Theworkaholicpushesandpushes,andasheisapproachinghisgoal,heneedsanotheronetoworktowards.•Aworkaholicisnotabletostopandenjoyhisaccomplishments.Workaholics•Workaholicsbelievethat,byworkinglongerhoursandcompletingmoreprojects,theywillenhancetheirself-worth.•Workaholicsthinkaboutworkconstantlyand,ifunabletowork,feelpanickyordepressed.•Workaholicshavehighexpectationsoftheirwork,andtheirsingle-mindedfocusonworknegativelyimpactsotherareasoftheirlivessuchasfamilyandleisure.Groupwork:discussionWhatisthecauseofworkaholism?Whatpressuresdoyouthinkarecompanystaffunder?Nameafewofthem.•1.Pressurefromwork：notenoughrest;endlessworktofulfillevenonholidays.•2.Pressurefromcompetitionofnewstaff：competentnewcomersinthecompanybringaboutgreatpressureforthepresentones.•3.Pressureofone’sownfurtherdevelopment:thesecausepressureandmakessomewhite-collarworkersworried.Someevenrechargethemselveswhileworking.•4.Pressurefromfeeling:unsatisfyingproblemsinfamily.Somearefacedwithdivorce,marriage,remarry.Alltheseimposepressures,becausetheymakeitdifficulttoconcentrateonone’swork.•5.Pressurefrominterpersonalrelationship:officephilosophy•Weoftenhearofpeoplebreakingdownfromoverwork,butinninecasesoutoftentheyarereallysufferingfromworryoranxiety.(JohnLubbock,Britishbanker)introductionmainbodyconclusiondeathof“him”Para2-6replacementofhimhisdevotiontohisworkhisrelationshipwithfamilymembersPara1Para7-13Para14-16naturalPara2-13natural接掌最高权柄工作之外的爱好被认真考查接替他的职位他的“身后人”一个身无长技的好女人MovetothetopspotOutside“extracurricularinterests”BeseriouslyconsideredforhisjobHis“survivors”AgoodwomanofnoparticularmarketableskillsPleaseidentifytheEnglishcounterpartsofthefollowingphrasesfromthetext.打各种零工为了能有饭吃，有大麻抽解决经济困难股票期权一眼在人群中认出他来DooddjobsTostayingrassandfoodStraightenoutthefinancesStockoptionsPickhimoutinaminutefromalineupPleaseidentifytheEnglishcounterpartsofthefollowingphrasesfromthetext.1.whatismeantbythesentence“shewouldbewelltakencareof”inParagraph8?Key:providesomefinancialhelpforhiswife/torelieveherofanypossibleworriesaboutfinance.2.whyisthephrase“dearlybeloved”repeatedwhenreferringtohischildreninParagraph9?Key:createasarcasticeffect,relationshipwithhischildren/farfrombeingcloseandintimate/devotedtoolittle3.WhatdoyouthinkistherelationshiplikebetweenPhilandthethreechildren?•Key:•afailingfather•Hiseldestson:knowinglittleabouthim•Hisdaughter:nothingtosaywhenstayingalongwithhim.•Hisyoungerson:remarkedbitterlythathisfatherandheonlyboardedatthehome.•distantandestranged.4.Whatistheimplicationoftheending?•Key:ItimpliesthestoryofPhilseesnoend:Hewillsoonbereplacedbyanequallyhardworkingguywhomayfollowinginhisstepsandrepeatthesametragedy.Bossesarealwaysonthelookoutforworkaholicsandtheyareneverinshortsupply.Theendingisfullofsarcasmandbitterness.•Q