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NaturalDisastersAsweallknowthat“zainan”iscalled“Disaster”inEnglish,butI’mafraidthatmostofusdon’tknowtheoriginofword“Disaster”.JustasmanyotherEnglishwords,itwasderivedfromLatin.Ifwesplitthewordintotwoparts,wecanseeclearlythat:dis-:negative,oppositeof...-astr:ofthestarsSodisasterliterallymeansevilstar(badstar).ThefollowingistheEnglishdefinitionofdisaster:Adisasterisanaturalorman-madeeventthatnegativelyaffectslife,property,livelihoodorindustryoftenresultinginpermanentchangestohumansocieties,ecosystemsandenvironment.Todaywefocusonsomeinformationabout“NaturalDisaster”Whenmentioningnaturaldisasters,I’mafraidthatfloodcomestothefirstplaceinourmind.Wecansaythathumanbeingshavebeenfightingagainstfloodsincetheemergenceofmankind,alsowecontinuouslyrecordedthefloodstories.Inthe“Bible”(theBible)thefirstchapter“TheCreation”(Genesis)recordedthatGoddecidedtopunishhisbadsubjects(wickedmankind)withheavyrainstriggeringmajorfloods(deluge),therainhadfallen40daysandnights,floodedtheearth150days,onlyavirtuousNoahandthespeciesonthearksurvived.Themostdestructivenaturaldisastersisearthquake.Astheepicenteroftheearthquakeruptureoftwokindsofshockrock-wave(Pwave,PrimaryWaves)andthelongitudinalwave(Swave,Secondarywaves)oftwo.Earthquakewavereachesthesurfacefirst,sopeoplefirstfeelthegroundupanddown.Accordingtothecausesofearthquakes,earthquakescanbedividedintothefollowing:1.TectonicearthquakeSincethedepthsofundergroundrockdislocation,causedbytheruptureoftheearthquakeknownastectonicearthquake.Suchearthquakeoccurredmostoften,theGREatestdamage,theearthquakeaccountedforabout90percentoftheworldover.2.VolcanicearthquakeAsthevolcano,suchasmagmaticactivityandgasexplosionscausedbytheearthquakeknownasthevolcanicearthquake.Onlyinareasofvolcanicactivitymayoccurbeforethevolcanicearthquakes,suchearthquakesaroundtheworldaccountsforonlyabout7percentoftheearthquake.3.EarthquakecollapseAsthetopofundergroundcavesorminecollapsecausedbytheearthquakeknownasthecollapseoftheearthquake.Suchrelativelysmall-scaleearthquake,thenumberoflittle,ifany,tendtooccurinthelimestonecaveovertheregionorlarge-scaleundergroundminingoftheminingarea.4.InducedearthquakeAswater,oilfieldactivitiessuchaswaterfloodingcausedbytheearthquakeknownastheearthquake-induced.Suchearthquakeonlyincertainoilreservoirareaorregion.5.ArtificialearthquakeUndergroundnuclearexplosions,explosives,blastingandotherhuman-inducedgroundvibrationknownastheartificialearthquake.Artificialearthquakewascausedbyhumanactivitiesintheearthquake.Suchasindustrialblasting,thevibrationcausedbyundergroundnuclearexplosionsindeepwaterinahigh-pressurewaterandthelargeincreasesthepressureonthecrust,sometimesinducedearthquake1.Foryourownsafetyandtheirfamiliestohideinthetablebelow,andothersolidfurniture2.ShakingCommissionerofthefireimmediately,assoonasthefireextinguishing3.Donotpanicrantotheoutdoor4.Openthedoortoensuretheexports5.Outdooroccasions,toprotectyourheadandavoidthedanger6.Indepartmentstores,theatres,accordingtotheinstructionsofthestaffofAction7.Automotiveon-streetparking,closedtocontroltheregion8.It'sImportanttonotelandslides,rock-droporbluffsoverlookingthetsunami9.Evacuatetowalk,carryinggoodsthatshouldbeatleastlimit10.Donotlistentorumors,donotactrashlySelf-rescuetipsWeoftenhearaboutthehurricaneinnewsintheUnitedStates.HurricaneisjustthesameastheTyphoon.Bothofthemaretropicalcyclone.Doyouknowhowscientistsgivenameofhurricanes?Originally,peoplenamedhurricanesaftersomeunpopularstatesmenorbignames.Afterwards,scientistsinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesgavealistinwhichthereare26namesfromAtoZ.What’smore,ifoneofthehurricanesdogreatdamageonoursociety,thatnamewillneverbeusedagain.OnDecember26,2004,whenmanypeoplestillimmersedinthejoyofChristmas,AnunderseaearthquaketriggeredbytheIndianOceantsunamiattackedseveralSoutheastAsiancountries.Thetsunamikilled270,000people.Whatisgratifyingisthatpeoplearoundtheworldareeagertogiveahandtothosevictims.Always,whenconfrontedwithdestructivedisasters,peopleshowgreatspiritofsolidarityandfraternitythroughtheiractions.Naturaldisasteristerrible,butnoteverydisasterthatoccurredfornoreason.Peoplewanttohavebetterlivingconditionsbycontinuousconsumptionofresources,pollutingtheenvironment,andunderminingthelawsofnature.Ultimatelymoredisastersoccurred.Therefore,wehavetotakeimmediatemeasurestoprotectourenvironment,domorecontributionsratherthanharmstoit.JustasthecovenantmadeinBiblebytheGodandNoah,aslongasyourheartisfullofkindness,floodwillnotdestroyallthecreaturesontheearth,sowing,harvesting,coldandheat,summerandwinter,dayandnight,lifecouldbelongforever.
本文标题:Natural-Disaster-自然灾害PPT-Class-presentation
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