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1小学英语名词复数形式归纳规则变化规律:一、一般情况下,直接在该词末尾加-s。读音变化:-s在清辅音[p][t][k][f]后读[s],在浊辅音和元音后读[z],在辅音[s][z][d?]后读[iz],口诀:清清浊浊元浊,结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。例:friend-friends;cat-cats;sport-sports;cups-cups,cake-cakes,flag-flags,face-facesbook-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds二、凡以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加-es构成复数。读音变化:统一加读[iz]。例:bus→buses;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashes;class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes;brush-brushes.三、以y结尾(1)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。读音变化:加读[z]。例:candy→candies;lady→ladies;story→stories;party-parties;family-families;story-stories;city-cities;strawberry-strawberries;country-countries,study-studies,fairy→fairies;daisy→daisies.(2)以“元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)+y”结尾,直接加-s,读[z].如:boy-boys;toy—toys;ray-rays;day-days;key-keys.四、以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives,读音变化:尾2音[f]改读[vz]例:knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves;half---halves;wolf---wolves;loaf-loaves,wife---wives;thief---thieves;staff→staves;scarf→scarves。注意:也有例外,加-s,读[s]:例:roof-roofs屋顶;proof-proofs;证明、证据belief---beliefs;chief-chiefs;safe---safes;gulf---gulfs.两者皆可的有:如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。五、以-o结尾的名词:1、以-o结尾的名词,加-s构成复数,读[z];photo—photos相片radio—radios收音机zoo—zoos动物园;piano→pianos钢琴;bamboo-bamboos竹子.2、特例:以-o结尾的名词,加-es,读音变化:加读[z]hero-heroes英雄,Negro-Negroes黑人,potato-potatoes土豆,tomato-tomatoes西红柿;mosquito-mosquites蚊子。3、两者皆可volcano-volcanoes/volcanos火山;zero-zeros/zeroes斑马,mango-mangoe/mangoes芒果。六、以-th结尾的名词加-s:truth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,不规则名词复数:一、部分单词的复数形式不变。读音变化:保持原音。3例:fish-fish;sheep-sheep;cattle-cattle;deer-deer;salmon-salmon;cannon-cannon;trout-trout鳟鱼;Chinese;Germans;Swiss;Japanese。二、少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。读音变化:没有规律。例:man-men;woman-women;child-children;person-people;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese,mouse-mice.三、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别含义,例:waters(水域);fishes(各种)鱼;times(时代);drinks(饮料);looks(外表),papers(文件报纸),brains(头脑智力),sands(沙滩),goods(货物),customs(海关),forces(军队),spirits(情绪),manners(礼貌),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)四、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例:bellows风箱;clothes;police;shorts短裤;scissors剪刀;shears大剪刀;trousers长裤;wages工资;spectacles,glasses,眼镜。若表达具体数目,要借助数量词例:pair(对,双);suit(套);apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers五、合成名词1、将主体名词变为复数:例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law媳妇;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父4maid-servant→maid-servantsstory-teller→story-tellers,boyfriend→boyfriends。无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数:grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches.将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservants。六、不同国籍人的单复数国籍总称(谓语用复数)单数复数中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks7、除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。5例:adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers8、另外(1)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数,不能说apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以说aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。(2)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。b.news为不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。
本文标题:小学英语复数形式归纳总结
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