Lesson-5-Love-is-a-Fallacy[1]

Unit5LoveisafallacyWriteasentencetodefinelove.(Whatislove?)Q:Howdoyouunderstandthetitle?Whatisfallacy?谬误Ingeneralsense:itisafalseormistakenbeliefInlogicalsense:itisaninvalidargumentinwhichitsconclusioncannotbereachedfromitspremisesoritspremisesdonotproveitsconclusion.•Logicalfallacy:•Anargumentinlogicpresentsevidenceinsupportofsomethesisorconclusion.•Anargumenthastwocomponents:•1.aconclusion,thethesisarguedfor•2.certainpremises,theconsiderationsadduced(putforward)onbehalfoftheconclusion•Whenpremisesprovideevidenceforconclusion,theargumentisvalid;•Whenaconclusioncannotbededucedfrompremises,theargumentisinvalid,itisafallacy.•Anargumentmaybefallaciousinthreeways:•materialfallacy:misstatementofthefactsinmaterialcontext;•verbalfallacy:incorrectuseoftermsinwording•formalfallacy:theuseofimproperprocessofinferenceinstructureorform.••Theauthor:MaxShulman(1919-1988)•Aprolificwriterofsatiricalhumor,MaxShulmanwasborninSt.Paul,Minnesota,USA,thesonofaRussianimmigranthousepainter,andbeganhiswritingcareerforthecollegehumormagazineattheUniversityofMinnesota.HisworktherecametothenoticeofaDoubledayeditor,whoencouragedthestudenttoturnhisbestworkintoanovel,BarefootBoyWithCheek,whichbecameabest-sellerin1943.Aftergraduation,ShulmanservedintheUSArmyAirCorps,duringwhichtimehewrotetwomorenovels,TheZebraDerby,acomicnovelaboutmilitarylife,andTheFeatherMerchants,publishedafterthewar.Afterreturningtocivilianlife,Shulmanbecameafull-timewriter,turningoutalargequantityofnovels,shortstories,stageandscreenplaysandtelevisionscriptsoverthenextfourdecades.•HewasnominatedforBroadway's1968TonyAwardforhisbookaspartofaBestMusicalnominationforHowNow,DowJones.•1942graduateoftheUniversityofMinnesota.•ServedinUSArmyAirCorpsinWorldWarII.•Hiswife:MaryGordonShulman,5children•Para.1•Q:•1.WhowasCharlesLamb?•2.Whatkindofperson/writerwashe?•3.Whatfigureofspeechisused?•4.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouthisownessay?•5.Whostartedtheinformalessay?•6.What’stheauthortryingtodoinpara.1?•CharlesLamb:•CharlesLambwasbornin1775andattendedschoolatChrist'sHospital,wherehemetSamuelTaylorColeridge.LambworkedattheIndiaHousefrom1792to1825.In1796hissister,Mary,attackedtheirmotherinafitoftemporaryinsanity,killingtheirmother.Lambdeclaredhimselfherguardiantosaveherfromtheasylumandthetwolivedtogether.Hewrotefourunsuccessfulplaysbutachievedfamewithdramaticessays,SpecimensofEnglishDramaticPoets,publishedin1808.HegainedareputationasacriticandhelpedreviveElizabethandrama.Heismostfamousforessayshewroteformagazines,whichwerecollectedinEssaysofEliain1823and1833.Heauthoredseveralchildren'sbookswithhissister,themostwell-knownofwhichwasTalesfromShakespeare,publishedin1807.In1818hepublishedPoemsandCollectedWorks,whichhededicatedtohisfriendColeridge.LambdiedonDecember27,1834.•Expressions:•monthofSundays:(colloquial)longtime•frontier:aborderbetweentwocountries;•(pl)themostadvancedorrecentideasaboutsth.•Eg.the~sofknowledge/science/technology•Theirworkwasonthe~sofscience.•Extend/pushbackthe~s(discovermore)•limp:drooping,lackingfirmness,notstiff柔软•flaccid:soft,flabby松散•spongy:likeasponge,softandporous富有弹性的•Para.2•Q:Whatarethecomponentsofanessay?•WhoareCarlyleandRuskin?•Para3.•Q:What’sthepurposeoftheessay?•What’sthepurposeoftheauthor’snote?•(recommendinghisessaytoreaders)•Expressions:•discipline:abranchofknowledge•trauma:(apsychologyterm)apainfulemotionalexperienceorshock,oftenproducingalastingpsychiceffect精神创伤•Para.4-5•Q:•1.Whatexpressionsareusedforhimself?•2.WhatexpressionsareusedforPetey?•3.Whatdoesthisshow?•(Itshowstheyoungmanisaself-conceitedyoungman).•Para.4Expressions:•cool:calm头脑冷静•logical:逻辑思维能力强•keen:observant敏锐•calculating:crafty,shrewd慎重，精明•perspicacious:quicktojudgeandunderstand敏明•acute:sharp,keen,shrewd,perceptive深刻•astute:clever,shrewd,quick机智•powerful:energetic发达•precise:accurate精确•penetrating:sharp,searching锐利的•dynamo:generator发动机•scalpel:smalllightknifeofsurgeons手术刀•Para.5Expressions:•giantintellect:greatmindorintelligence•dumbasanox:verystupid苯•nothingupstairs:(slang)empty-minded,anitwit无脑筋的•emotionaltype:notcool-headed易于激动，•unstable:changeable,unreliable反复无常•impressionable:easilyinfluenced容易受别人影响•faddist:personwhofollowsfads(passingfashion)赶时髦的人•fads:apassingfashionorcraze,赶时髦•submit:toofferasanopinion,suggest,propose认为，提交，提出•Eg:to~aletterofresignation提交辞职书•To~someplans•verynegation:absolutelack缺乏•besweptupin:tobecarriesawayby,tofollowenthusiastically•craze:fad,sththatiscurrentlythefashion时髦•idiocy:extremestupidity,thestateofbeinganidiot白痴•acme:thehighestpointofdevelopment顶点•acmeofmindlessness:theheightofstupidity,thegreatestlackofintelligence愚蠢至极•Para.6-21•Q:•1.WhatdidPeteywant?Why?•2.Whatarethebadthingsaboutaraccooncoat?•3.HowisPetey’scharactershown?•(lyinginbed,leapedfrombed,wail,cries,pounding,passionately,interruptimpatiently)•4.HowisthecontrastbetweenthenarratorandPeteyshown?•Expressions:•diagnose:determinethenatureofadisease(asifhewasadoctor)•appendicitis:阑尾炎(usedheretoshowhisconceit)•laxative:amedicinecausingthebowelstoemptythemselves轻泻药•mumble:saysthindistinctly咕哝•thick:(ofvo