语言学教程(第四版)-练习题

P.F.Productions制作著作1/7语言学教程（第四版）测试题Quiz1LexiconI.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:1.Morphologystudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.T2.Wordsarethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguage.F3.Justasaphonemeisthebasicunitinthestudyofphonology,soisamorphemethebasicunitinthestudyofmorphology.T4.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitsthatcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselvesarefreemorphemes.T5.Boundmorphemesincludetwotypes:rootsandaffixes.T6.Inflectionalmorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense,degree,andcase.T7.Theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeaddediscalledastem,whichcanbeaboundrootorafreemorpheme.F8.Prefixesusuallymodifythepartofspeechoftheoriginalword,notthemeaningofit.F9.Therearerulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewword.Therefore,wordsformedaccordingtothemorphologicalrulesareacceptablewords.F10.Loanwordsare:bothformandmeaningareborrowed.TII.Fillineachblankbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:11.Morphemeisthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.12.Theaffix“-ish”inthewordboyishconveysagrammaticalmeaning.13.Boundmorphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.14.Affixesareoftwotypes:inflectionalaffixesandderivationalaffixes.15.Derivationalaffixesareaddedtoanexistingformtocreatewords.16.Asuffixisaddedtotheendofstemstomodifythemeaningoftheoriginalwordanditmaycasechangeitspartofspeech.17.Compoundingisthecombinationoftwoorsometimesmorethantwowordstocreatenewwords.18.Therulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewwordarecalledmorphologicalrules.19.Intermsofmorphemicanalysis,derivationcanbeviewedastheadditionofaffixestostemstoformnewwords.20.Astemcanbeaboundrootorafreemorphemetowhichaninflectionalaffixcanbeadded.III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:21.Themorpheme“vision”inthecommonword“television”isa(n)_____.A.boundmorphemeB.boundformC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freemorpheme22.Thecompoundword“bookstore”istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompound_____.A.isthesumtotalofthemeaningofitscomponentsB.canalwaysbeworkedoutbylookingatthemeaningsofmorphemesC.isthesameasthemeaningofafreephraseD.NoneoftheaboveP.F.Productions制作著作2/723.Thepartofspeechofthecompoundsisgenerallydeterminedbythepartofspeechof_____.A.thefirstelementB.thesecondelementC.eitherthefirstorthesecondelementD.boththefirstandthesecondelements24._____arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.A.FreemorphemesB.BoundmorphemesC.BoundwordsD.Words25._____isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.A.SyntaxB.GrammarC.MorphologyD.Morpheme26.Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeis_____.A.lexicalB.morphemicC.grammaticalD.semantic27.Boundmorphemesarethosethat_____.A.havetobeusedindependentlyB.cannotbecombinedwithothermorphemesC.caneitherbefreeorboundD.havetobecombinedwithothermorphemes28._____modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.A.PrefixesB.SuffixesC.RootsD.Affixes29._____areoftenthoughttobethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguagebythelinguists.A.WordsB.MorphemesC.PhonemesD.Sentences30.“-s”intheword“books”is_____.A.aderivativeaffixB.astemC.aninflectionalaffixD.arootIV.Definethefollowingterms:31.morphology:Morphologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.32.morpheme:Itisthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.33.boundmorpheme:Boundmorphemesarethemorphemeswhichcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.34.root:Arootisthebaseformofawordthatcannotfurtherbeanalyzedwithoutdestroyingitsmeaning.35.stem:astemisanymorphemeorcombinationofmorphemestowhichaninflectionalaffixcanbeadded,likeFriend-infriends,andfriendship-infriendships.V.Answerthefollowingquestion:36.Discussthetypesofmorphemeswithexamples.Intermsoftheircapacityofoccurringalone,morphemescanbecategorizedinto2types:freemorphemesandboundmorphemes.Freemorphemes:Theyaretheindependentunitsofmeaningandcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselves,forexample,“book-”intheword“bookish”.Boundmorphemes:Theyarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformawordsuchas“-ish”in“bookish”.Boundmorphemescanbesubdividedintorootsandaffixes.Arootisseenaspartofaword;itcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughithasaclearanddefinitemeaning,suchas“gene-”intheword“generate”.Affixesareoftwotypes:inflectionalandderivational.Inflectionalmorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchas“-s”intheword“books”toindicatepluralityofnouns.Derivationalaffixesareaddedtoanexistingformtocreateawordsuchas“mis-”intheword“misinform”.Derivationalaffixescanalsobedividedintoprefixesandsuffixes.Prefixesoccuratthebeginningofawordsuchas“dis-”intheword“dislike”,whilesuffixesoccurattheendofawordsuchP.F.Productions制作著作3/7as“