儿童亲社会行为测量回顾与反思

（prosocialbehavior），，。，。，，。、、、、、。，，。，，。，，，，。1《》[1]，2002。，,。8，18，（，；）（，；）。[2、3]，0.81。Rushton，ChrisjohnFekken[4]，[5、6]。Rushton，（，、）。5，“”“”23，0.88。，，。Krueger，45，（，）、（，，）、（）（）。（4，“”“”），0.90[7]。，。［8］：，“———”，；“”，20、。。；，“”，（，200234）：：；。，：，；；，，。：；；PsychologicalResearch2009，2(2)：16-21：（J50403）。：，，，。Email:[e-mail]16。，[8]。，Litvak-MillerMcDougall[9]。，、、。（genderbias），，。“，。，。，，。。”。，。，；，；。“”：（a），（b），，，。（c），，。22.1，，，[10]。13，[11]。：，。[11]。Masten“”[12]。，，30“”（30），，“”，“”“√”。“”，/。,—，—。，，0.97，0.920.80；0.85，0.970.84。、、5、3、2。，，，[13、14]。，[15、16］。2.2《》（CBS）[17]，，3（“”、“”，“”）。。：、、、。：；，、、。，。[17、18]。，，“”（1）“”（5）。，[11]。。《》（TeacherRatingScaleofChildren'sSocialBehavior）[19]。,。、--。3,“”(0),“”(1)“”(2)。，0～22、0～260～14。11,α=0.87。，[20、21]。。、17《》（TheStrengthsandDifficultiesQuestionnaire，SDQ)[22]。。3，“”、“”、“”。5，：“”、“(、)”、“、，”、“(、、)”、“”。，（：）。33.1，[23、24]，，。，，。，。，、、，、，，[25]。，。Bar-Tal，：、、、。，，[25]。，。，[11]。：（1）、[26]。（2），[27]，。（3）、、[28]，，，“”。，。，，，[29]。Eisen-bergFabes，[30]。，，：，，。，，，《》[1]。“”，（prosocialleadership），。，EisenbergFabes，。，，，。（multiple-groupmeanandcovariancestructures，MACS)，。，、。，，，，，，，。3.2CarloRandall，（global）（situation-specific）[31]，。。。，Carlo，[31]。：18，。，，[30]。。，。，。，。Carlo（ProsocialTendenciesMeasure，PTM），、、、、、，，，[31]。,。，，。，。，。，，。，。，，，，[32]。，。3.3。：，（socialdesirability）[5、33]，，。，，、、，[29、34]。，，。，（、），，。，，，，，，。LaFontanaCil-lessen，（perception）、。、、（）[35]。，，。、（）、，。4，。，：、，，。、。、，。1MaHK.AdolescentBehaviorQuestionnaire(ABQ):ScoringKey.HongKongBaptistUniversity,2002.2,.、、.,2005,28(5):1231-12343MaHK.Therelationofgender-roleclassificationstotheprosocialandantisocialbehaviorofChineseado-19lescents.JournalofGeneticPsychology,2005,166(2):189-2014RushtonJP,ChrisjohnRD,FdkkenGC.Thealtruis-ticpersonalityandtheself-reportofaltruismscale.PersonalityandIndividualDifference,1981,2:293-3025EisenbergN,ZhouQ,KollerS.Brazilian.Adolescents’prosocialmoraljudgementandbehavior:Relationstosympathy,perspectivetaking,gender-roleorientationanddemographiccharacteristics.ChildDevelopment,2001,72(2):518-5346EisenbergN,GuthrieIK,MurphyB,ShepardS,CumberlandA,CarloG.Consistencyanddevelopmentofprosocialdispositions:Alongitudinalstudy.ChildDevelopment,1999,70:1360-13727KruegerRF,HicksBM,McGueM.Altruismandan-tisocialbehavior:Independenttendencies,uniqueper-sonalitycorrelates,distinctetiologies.PsychologicalScience,2001,12(5):397-4028,.、.,2002,25(1):111-1129Litvak-MillerW,McDougallD.Thestructureofempa-thyduringmiddlechildhoodanditsrelationshiptoprosocialbehavior.Genetic,Social&GeneralPsychol-ogyMonographs,1997,123(3):303-32510MastenA,MorisonP,PelligriniD.Arevisedclassplaymethodofpeerassessment.ChildDevelopment,1985,21:523-53311WentzelKR,BarryCM,CaldwellKA.Friendshipsinmiddleschool:Influencesonmotivationandschooladjustment.JournalofEducationalPsychology,2004,96(2):195-20312,RubinKH,,,..,1992,2:1-713ChangL.Variableeffectsofchildren’saggressionlso-cialwithdrawal,andprosocialleadershipasfunctionsofteacherbeliefsandbehavior.ChildDevelopment,2003,74:535-54814,,..,2005,37(2):233-23915..,2004,27(1):31-3316.、.,2001,24(5):629-63017LaddG.W,Profilet,S.M.Thechildbehaviorscale:Ateacher-reportmeasureofyoungchildren’saggressive,withdrawn,andprosocialbehaviors.DevelopmentalPsychology,1996,32:1008-102418MilesSB,StipekD.Contemporaneousandlongitudinalassociationsbetweensocialbehaviorandliteracyachievementinasampleoflow-incomeelementaryschoolchildren.ChildDevelopment,2006,77(1):103-11719WaldenT,FieldT.Preschoolchildren’ssocialcompe-tenceandproductionanddiscriminationofaffectiveexperiences.BritishJournalofDevelopmentalPsycholo-gy,1990,43:65-7620,,.、.,2005,3:49-5321..,2002,1:6-1022GoodmanR.Thestrengthsanddifficultiesquestionnaire:Aresearchnote.JournalofChildPsychologyandPsy-chiatry,1997,38:581-58623Radke-YarrowM,Zahn-WaxlerC.Theroleoffamilialfactorsinthedevelopmentofprosocialbehaviour:re-searchfindingsandquestions.InD.Olweus,J.Block&M.Radkeyarrow(Eds)DevelopmentofAntisocialandProsocialBehaviour,Orlando,FL,AcademicPress,198624EisenbergN,MillerPA.Therelationofempathytoprosocialandrelatedbehaviours.PsychologicalBulletin,1987,101:9111925..:,200226WentzelKR.Relationsofsocialgoalpursuittosocialacceptance,classroombehavior,andperceivedsocialsupport.JournalofEducationalPsychology,1994,86:173-18227GreenerSH.Peerassessmentofchildren'sprosocialbehaviour.JournalofMoralEducation,2000,29(1):47-6028,,.、.,1995,27(3):329-33629GreenerS,CrickNR.Normativebeliefsaboutproso-cialbehaviorinmiddlechildhood:Whatdoseitmeantobenice?SocialDevelopment,1999,8(3):349-36330EisenbergN,FabesR.Prosocialdevelopment.InW.Damon(Ed.)HandbookofChildPsychology,5thedn,v.III(NewJersey;Wiley),199831CarloG,RandallBA.Thedevelopmentofameasureofprosocialbehaviorsforlateadolescents.Journalof：20YouthandAdolescence,2002,31(1):31-4432EisenbergN,FabesRA,SpinradTL.Prosocialdevel-opment.InW.Damon(SeriesEd.)&N.Eisenberg(Vol.Ed.),Handbookofchildpsychology:Vol.3.So-cial,emotional,andpersonalitydevelopment(6thed.).NewYork:Wiley,200633PlatowMJ.Anevaluationofthesocialdesirabilityofprosocialself-otherallocationchoices.TheJournalofSocialPsychology,200