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Grammar动词的-ing形式形式主动式被动式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone动名词动名词的否定形式:由not+动名词构成。如:Iregretnotbeingabletohelpyou.Hewaspunishedfornothavingfinishedhiswork.用法说明:(1)动名词的一般式表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后或者两个动作同时发生。如:Shelikeswatchingfootballmatches.Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyousoon.(2)动名词的完成式表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后前。如:Iregretnothavingstudiedhard.Hewaspraisedforhavingdonesuchrapidprogress.(3)动名词的主动式一般表示主动意义,即动名词的逻辑主语和动名词之间是主动关系。如:Iaminterestedinwatchingfootballmatches.Theythinkofgoingthereinautumn.(4)动名词的被动式表示被动意义,即动名词的逻辑主语和动名词之间是被动关系。如:Wehatebeingtreatedlikethat.Hedidn’tregrettedhavingbeenleftaloneathomebyhisfather.(5)动名词的复合结构:物主代词或名词所有格与动名词连用,构成动名词的复合结构。在口语和不太正式的英语中,这种结构如果不用在句子开头,常用人称代词宾格代替物主代词,用名词普通格代替所有格。如:Hedoesn’tlikemeborrowinghisbike.Idon’tremembermymothergoingthere.(7)只能接动名词的及物动词:“霉咖啡不是”(megafeps)八个词。mind,enjoy,giveup,avoid,finish,excuse,practise,suggest.另外还有:miss,escape,advise.risk,appreciate,can’thelp,lookforwardto,stickto,devote…to…,leadto,beusedto,beworthdoing,It’snousedoingsth,Itisnogooddoingsth.等等。如:Thewolfmissedbeingkilledbythehunter.Icouldn’triskmissingthetrain.Hecouldn’thelplaughingatthewords.Itisnotworthworryingabout.Itisnousetalking.Itisnogooddoingit.Shedevotedhislifetoteaching.(8)动词need,want,require,和形容词worth后面的动名词的主动式表示被动意义。如:Yourshoesneedwashing.Thewindowsrequirecleaning.Thebookwantspublishing,Thefilmiswellworthseeing.(9)既可以接动名词也可以接不定式的动词如下:begin,start(意义相同),stop,remember,forget,regret,want,like,need,try.(意义不同)(10)动名词做定语表示名词的作用。如:aswimmingpool,asleepingcar.动名词练习1.Isuggest_______(go)shoppingthisafternoon.2.Doyouenjoy_____(watch)TV?3.Wedislike_____(read)longarticles.4.Stop______(shout),it’stimeforclass.5.Ihavefinished___(write)thecomposition.6.Doyoumindmy/me_______(smoke)here?7.Theypractise________(speak)Englisheveryday.8.Heisconsidering___(move)intothenewhouse.9.Iadvise___(go)toseeafilm.10.Shemissed___(catch)thetrain.11.Heescaped_____(be)killedbythebadman.12.Theyprefer___(walk)to__(cycle).13.Ihate___(tell)lies.14.Iremember____(see)thefilmlastyear.15.Heforgot___(lock)thedoor.Hedidn’tneedtohavecomeback.16.Thelittleboykeeps_____(cry)allthetime.17.Myfatherisusedto___(live)inthecountry.18.Sheisfondof_____(play)thecomputer.19.WEaregoodat_____(describe)importantevents.20.Idon’tfeellike________(eat)anything.21.Sheisinterestedin___(organize)themeeting.22.Idon’tcarefor__(travel)bybus.23.Helefthomewithout_______(say)anything.24.Hegotdownto__________(develop)hisfarm.25.Myunclediedfrom_____(smoke).26.Thepatientgaveup___(eat)anything.27.Wecamehereinthehopeof____(find)ajob.28.Thegesturesareacceptedas___(have)thesamemeeting.29.MeninChinashakehandsinsteadof____(kiss)30.Thatwillmean___(flood)someofourland.31.Weareproudof___(be)Chinese.32._______(See)isbelieving.33._______(Collect)stampsismyhobby.34.________(Get)upearlyisverydifficult,butgoingtobedisveryeasy.35.Itisnouse______(argue)aboutit.36.Itisnogoodtalkingaboutit.37.Pleaseexcusemy_______(be)late.38.Heregret______(have)givenyousomuchtrouble.39.Hetried______(give)thelittledogsomemilk.40.Theroomneeds_________(clean).41.Thetablerequires______(fix).42.Thefilmisworth_______(see).43Wearelookingforwardto_____(see)you.现在分词(PresentParticiple)(又称-ing形式、现在进行式),是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。形式主动式被动式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone现在分词所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not作定语单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前;分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系,这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一e.g.arunningboy;thegirlstandingthere并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句e.g.aboywhoisrunningagirlwhoisstandingthere注意1:分词的完成时不可作定语注意2:在messagelettersignnewsnotice等词后要用现在分词作定语不用过去分词这是考试的易错点注意3:某些现在分词作定语时已不再表示动作已经从分词变为了形容词词性interestingstoryanexcitingmatch这些也可以属于现在分词作定语但是不能转化为相应的定语从句但是可以有三级变化(原级比较级最高级)和被某些副词如very修饰作补语只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补1)感官动词:see,hear,watch,feel,notice,observe,keep,find,listento,lookat2)使役动词:have,get,catch,leave,set值得注意的是:要想用现在分词来作宾补只能是用于这些词后但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补)eg.Isawhimsingingnow.Don'thavethestudentsstudyingallday.注意:宾语与作宾补充的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者至于现在分词作主语补足语的情况只须知道上述动词的被动语态形式中的现在分词作的是主补即可无须深入作表语(1)分词作表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词作表语,一种是过去分词作表语,究竟是用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语是学生们经常困惑的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebodyisinterestedin...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb/sthisinteresting。这类词常见的有:interesting使人感到高兴—interested感到高兴的exciting令人激动的—excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的—delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的—disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的—encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的—pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的—puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的—satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的—surpsried感到惊异的worring令人担心的—worrred感到担心的如:Travelingisinterestingbuttiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳Thepupilswillgetconfusediftheyaremadetolearntoomuch.如果让学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。Theargumentisveryconvincing.他的论点很令人信服。Theywereveryexcitedatthenews.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。(2)分词作表语时,相当于形容词,不可与构成进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式是一样但可以从意义上予以区别。试比较:Thefilmismoving.这电影很感人。(表语,说明主语的性质)TheyaremovingnextSunday.他们下个周日搬家。(现在进行时,表示动作)Thebookstoreisnowclose
本文标题:《动词的-ing形式》课件
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