第十五章世界贸易组织doc-第十五章世界贸易组织

第十五章世界贸易组织一、名词解释题1、世界贸易组织、关贸总协定、交叉报复二、简述题1、简述关贸总协定的作用。2、关贸总协定多边贸易谈判有何特点？3、乌拉圭回合谈判有何特点？4、简述《与贸易有关的投资措施协议》的主要内容。5、简述《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》中关于版权、商标和专利权的保护规定。6、简述世界贸易组织的主要特点。7、我国复关和加入世界贸易组织的主要原则是什么？三、论述题1、试述《服务贸易总协定》关于义务和原则的规定。2、联系实际论述中国加入世界贸易组织的重要意义。3、世界贸易组织新一轮多边谈判的重要议题和前景分析。四、热点问题HOWWTOtoaffectChina-USrelationsOpportunitiesandchallengesco-existinbilateraltradeBYJAMESZUWALTFirstsecretaryofUSEmbassytoChinaTheUnitedStateswarmlywelcomesChina’simminentaccessiontotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).Scheduledtojoinofficiallyin2002,ChinawillbecomeoneofthelastmajortradingnationstojointheWTO.Andthemessagetotheworldwillbeclear:Chinaispreparedtobecomeafullyvestedplayerintheglobaleconomy.WTOmembershipwillgeneratetremendousbenefitsforChina:spearheadingfurthereconomicreform,attractingevenhigherlevelsofforeigninvestment,andfosteringtheruleoflaw.Athome,WTOmembershipwillundoubtedlythrustsignificantresponsibilitiesandchallengesontheChineseleadershipandtheChinesepeople.Abroad,itwillfundamentallyenhance,ifnotredefine,China’srelationswithothercountries,especiallywithitsmostsignificantexportmarket,theUnitedStates.Onethingiscertain:ThechangeswroughtbyChina’sWTOaccessionwillreachfarbeyondjustthetrade-relatedaspectsoftheUS-Chinarelationship,engenderingmanybenefitsandmitigatetherisksremainsasubjectofmuchdebateamongAmericanandChinesepolicyplanners,businesspeople,andconsumers.ChinaneedstheWTOChina’sexplosiveeconomicexpansionoverthepast20yearsisawell-knownsuccessstory.Fuelledbyvigorousreformefforts,growthratesaveragingnearly10percentannuallyhavecreatedavastarrayofnewjobandinvestmentopportunities,makingChinaevermoreprosperous.TheeffectofChina’stransformationfromaninward-looking,plannedeconomytoamoremarket-oriented,tradingpowerhousehasreverberatedthroughouttheglobaleconomy,influencingeverythingfromconsumers’choicestoinvestmentflows.Rapid-firegrowthhasnotbeencost-free,however.Inparticular,ithascastaharshlightonsomeofthestructuralweaknessesofChina’seconomicsystem,inagriculture,finance,andstate-ownedenterprisereform.ThedilemmaforChinahasbeen,andwillcontinuestobe,howbesttokeepthedualmomentumofeconomicgrowthandstructuralreformgoing.Inmanyrespects,WTOmembershipisChina’sbestoptionforstayingthecourse,forensuringthatneitherthepaceofeconomicgrowthnorofreformfalters.Astheworldeconomyhasbecomevastlymorecomplexandinterconnected,China’sparticipationinit,accordingtotherulesofinternationaltrade,hasbecomethatmuchmorecriticalnotonlyforChina,butfortheUnitedStates,Asia,andtheworld.AsaWTOmember,Chinawillbeabletoparticipateintheformulationofrulesthatgoverninternationaltradeandinvestment.Similarly,itwillbeabletodefenditstradeinterestsusingtheWTOdispute-settlementsystem.ChineseexporterswillbenefitfromthecertaintythattheirtradingpartnersmustobeyWTOrules.Thismeans,forexample,thatWTOmemberswillnotbeabletodiscriminateagainstChineseproductsintheirhomemarkets.WTOmembershipwillmakeChinaevenmoreattractivetoforeigninvestors.AndmoremoneyinvestedinChinameansmorehigh-payingjobs,moregovernmenttaxreceipts,andmoretechnologytransfers.WTOrulesaredesignedtofacilitateincreasedcompetitionineverysectoroftheeconomy.Chineseconsumerswillbethedirectbeneficiaries,ascompetitionencouragesalargerangeofchoices,lowerprices,andhigherquality,nottomentionagreaterawareness,andappreciationfor,intellectualpropertyrightsandconsumerrights.Globalcompetitionwillfostergainsinefficiencyandproductivity,whichwillstrengthenChina’seconomyovertime,andenhancetheabilityofChinesefirmstotakeonthebestmultinationalsinanymarket,inanypartoftheworld,China’seconomywillbenefitfromtheexpandedrangeofservices—insurance,finance,distribution—whichforeigncompanieswanttobringintoChinaafteritsWTOaccession.CompetitioninthisareawillinturnstimulateChina’shome-grownservicessector,givingcompaniesandconsumersanevenbroaderrangeofchoices.China’sresponsibilitiesWhileChinaispoisedtobenefitgreatlyfromWTO,itisimportanttokeepinmindthatWTOmembershipdoesnotonlyconveycertainrights,butalsospecificresponsibilities.Chinalabouredthrough15yearsoftoughnegotiations,particularlywiththeUnitedStatesandtheEuropeanUnion,toachieveWTOmembership.ThetimeandeffortinvolvedstandsasatestamenttoChina’sdeterminationtobecomeafully-integratedplayerintherules-basedglobaltradingregime.AlthoughthebattletoachievethevictoryofWTOaccessionwashard-fought,inmanyrespectsanotherequallyworthwhilebutdifficultchallengeconfrontsthenation.ChinaisintheprocessofmakingenormouschangestomeetitsWTOobligations—restructuringindustries,publishingpreviouslyinternallawsandregulations,establishingformalprocedurestoadjudicatedisputes,andlevellingtheplayingfieldforforeigncompanies.Ithasagreedtoslashtariffsandtoeliminateimportquotas,todismantleexportsubsidies,andhaspromisedtoopenserviceindustriestoforeigncompetition.SomeofthesechangeswillcomeimmediatelyuponChina’saccession;otherswillbephasedinoveraperiodofafewyears.WTOandUS-ChinatiesHowwellChinafulfilsitsobligationsofWTOmembershipwillhaveadirectbearingonthefuturedirectionofUS-Chinarelations.Itisintheinterestsofbothcountriestoavoidascenarioinwhichtradefrictionsar