要素禀赋、专业化分工、贸易的理论与实证与杨小凯、张

1No.C20030332003-12No.C2003033200312292*2001“”1136~37“”1136~372001a;b;c.*100871106275-7375Email:[e-mail]310(2001)[2001][Yang(2001)chapter12]20012001HOV(2001)4RicardianHeckscher-OhlinHelpman-KrugmanRicardianDeardorff(1984)Helpman(1984)HeckscherOhlinSamuelson(1948),Jones(1965)Vanek(1968)(homothetic)Graham(1923)Ohlin(1933)Lancaster(1980),Helpman(1981)Krugman(1979,1980,1981)HelpmanKrugman(1985)Ricardian5Heckscher-OhlinHelpmanKrugmanHelpmanKrugman(1985)Stolper-SamuelsonRybczynski“”(2001,25)HOV2001HOVHOV6Dornbusch,FischerSamuelson(1980)HODavisWeinstein(2001a,2001b,2003)HOVHOVHOV——HOV——HOVHeckscher-Ohlin-VanekHeckscher-Ohlin————Deardoff(1984)Helpman(1984)HOVHOVHOV72Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek“”(diversificationcone)HOVHeckscher-OhlinHOVhomothetic1,...,iC=1,...,jN=1,...,kM=()MN×ccjkAa′⎡⎤=⎣⎦ccA1,...,kM=1,...,jN=1212ccllccckkaaAaa⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦cjka(,)ccccjkjkaawr=cwcrccYc(1)N×cD(1)N×cccTYD=-ccccFAT=(1)M×ckf112211112222ccccccccccccccLLLcccccccccKKKFATAYADfatatydAAfatatyd==-⇔⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤+==-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥+⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦1HOVccATcccAYccADccAY8ccccAYV=ccADccwDsD=wDcscPccwPDsPD=ccwsPDPD=ccwcwsPYPYGDPGDP==)(•cjka)(•cjkacAA=1,...,cC=cccwADsAD=cccwcwcwADsADsAYsV===,ccAYccADcccwFVsV=-⇔11112121112121222222112cccccccccwatatatvsvNNcccccccccwatatatvsvNNccccccccwatatatvsvNNMNMMNcMfff+++-+++-+++-⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥==⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦LLMMLM(2)Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek(HOV)ckc()cwckkvvsc2k(0)ckfckkHeckscher-Ohlin222××LKLK**0ccwLsL-0ccwKsK-1,wwLLLKKK**=+=+()()cswLrKwLrKwLrK**=++++9KcLcKcLcaaaa221131ct2ct21122112200ccccLLccccKKatatatat++4310ct20ctcAHOVRicardianHOV2001“”“RicardianHO”3[Graham(1923)Ohlin(1933)],[Krugman(1979,1980),Lancaster(1980),Helpman(1981)]fcCfcy=+2200110fACcy=+5yfc5Krugman(1979)2001Krugman(1979)iiilyab=+wiiiiCwlwwyab==+6iiyiLiKrugman(1979)iiiKrugmanLLL*LL*+nn*nn*+nn*KrugmanLKrugman6Krugman1979Helpman(1981),HelpmanKrugman(1985)Hechscher11Ohlin[2001,chapter5]iixdix(1)dikx-(01)k”1122(,)dduuxkxxkx=++7ilisixisaiiixxl+=a1,i=1,212ll+L,11221122ssddpxpxpxpx+=+1.0kk2.0kk1x1x2x2x2x1x42001chapter12Ricardian7CobbDouglasHOCobbDouglasHO12Yang2001,p315”HOVHorizontalSpecialization222××1110wLsL-110wKsK-ciciLciKaa⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦cijacijcijacijcijvciyjccijcijivay=1212ccLLccKKaaAaa′′⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦(,cc′=1,2)i121212ccLLccKKaaaa′′8111TYD=-1A13111111122111111111112222211111112ccwLLccwKK′′⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤+=-=-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥+⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤=-=-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦9911112211112200ccLLccKKatatatat′′++108101111110tyd=-0121212-=dyt110d120d1110y120y=i1222××iHOVverticalspecializationDornbusch,FischerSamuelson(1980)continuumofgoodsFeenstraHanson(1996,1997)(continuumofinputs)Y14[]0,1z∈RD()xz()Kaz()Laz()xzz()/()KLazazz(,,)cwrz()xzwr(,,)cwrz**()xzY**wrwr1111(,,)cwrzz1CC(,,)cwrz**C*C*“”C*C*CCz*(,,)(,,)cwrzcwrz****=zz*′()()rwrw**'zz*(,,)(,,)cwrzcwrz**′′zz*′(,,)(,,)cwrzcwrz**′′C*C*CC1zz*′150,z*⎡⎤⎣⎦zz*′,1z*⎡⎤⎣⎦315HOV13C*C*FeenstraHanson(1996)16HO222××222××Samuelson(1953)Ethier(1974)Jones(1976),JonesScheinkman(1977)(Stolper-SamuelsonRybczynski)222××1——11(1,...,)iiI=2(1,...,)jjJ=k1[]ikaA11=222jkAa⎡⎤=⎣⎦[]21AAA=⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡=JIYYY1111111121IIyyYy⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦Mi10JY=1j⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡--=⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡=⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡=JJIIJIJIDYDYTTTDDD1111111111,1A()11111111211121111121112112WIIIIJJIIWJJIWJDDATATAYAAVsAADDYVsAAVsVVVsVY⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤+=-=-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎡⎤⎡⎤=-=-+=-⎢⎥⎣⎦⎢⎥⎣⎦1212()()1111112121211111221122wkkIkIkIkIJKIJkkatatatatatatvsv+++++++++=-L171,...,kM=13lk,1,...,lkM=110wlllvsv-110wkkkvsv-13()()()()111111212121112211221111112121211122112200llIlIlIlIJlIJkkIkIkIkIJkIJatatatatatatatatatatatat++++++++++++++++++++LLLL14()()()()()()()()()()2121211111111122112211111121212111221122lIlIJlIJllIlIkkIkIkIkIJkIJatatatatatatatatatatatat++++++-+-++-++++++-+-++-LLLL152i“”4(2001)18Deardorff(1984)iiaYiYiaiaiaiPYPY≥iYiaiaiaiaPYPD=iDiiaiiaiaPDPD≥iiaiaiaiaiaiiaYPYPDPDP≥=≥16()0iaiiPDY-≥0iaiPT≤0iPT=PDeardorff(1984)()0iaiPPT-≤1717Deardorff(1984)BernhofenBrown(2004)18681872185017Helpman(1984)ijiwjwijijiijFAX=ijXjijFijHelpman(1984)()()()()000jiijjijijiijjiwwFwwFwwFF-≥-≤--≥18181918ChoiKrishna(2001)198081852%55%ChoiKrishna181872%75%6HOVRicardianHOVHOVHOVLeontief(1953)Maskus(1985)Bowen,LeamerSveikauskas(1987)HOVTrefler(19931995)DavisWeinstein(2001a,b,2003)Debaere(2003)Schott(2003)HOVLeontief(1953)HO194720LeontiefHOLeamer(1980)HOVLeontief1943HOV/Leamer(1980)Leontief(1953)/HOV2(2)HOVCNMHOVkwckckcvsvf-=(19)HOVBowen,LeamerSveikauskas(1987)190ckf,0ccwkkvsv-(20)ccklffccwccwkkllvsvvsv--(21)Bowen,LeamenSveikauskas2712202161%49%1950%Bowen,LeamerSveikauskasHOV(20)(21)ABowen,LeamerSveikauskasAABowen,LeamerSveikauskasAA100%Bowen,LeamerSveikauskas(1987)Maskus(1985)1958197221HOVTrefler(1993)HOVHOVAHOVTrefler(1993)HOVCkkckcVp0.5clp=0.5HOV(19)1,1,;1,,CccccjjkkkkkjfvsvcCkMpp==-==∑LL22(22)ckfckckfckv(22)kcpTrefler(1993)kcpkcpTrefler(1993)kcp90%Trefler(1993)HOVTrefler(1995)cAcdccUSAAd=(23)1cdcUSAAcHOV191CcUSccccjkkkjfvsvdd==-∑24Trefler(1995)“”241912%62%Trefler(19931995)HOV22HOVAHOVRicardianHOVHOVDavisWeinstein(2001a)12//lnccccjkjkkjkcKaLabge⎛⎞=+++⎜⎟⎝⎠25jkcacAjkcjk()ccKLc/jkceDavisWeinstein20OEC