SAP财务模块

ClearingChapter8review什么是叫清账？会计清账主要有哪些方法？1.ClearingOpenItems2.IncomingandOutgoingPayment3.PaymentDifferences4.ExchangeRateDifferencesKnowledgepointClearingOpenItemsDocumentswithopenitemscannotbearchivedandstayinthesystemuntilallopenitemsarecleared.WaysofClearing①Postwithclearing(账户间清账)1)可以全部清账,也可以部分清帐(报表中不能看,凭证中可以看.清掉原invoice,再生成一张凭证)2)可以同时在不同的科目,账户类别,任何币种间进行清账。②accountclearing(同一个账户内清账)1)用于手工清anopeninvoicewitharelatedcreditmemoandpaymentonaccount/重复记账。2)基于G/Laccount和sublegers上的清账。3)清账不产生lineitems.CustomerlineitemlistWhenclearing,itresultinaclearingdocumentPostwithclearing有lineitem显示Accountclearing没有lineitem显示①Assignmentfield:combinationofupto4fieldswithamaximumof18character②sortkey:检索码,可对应PO,COC等设置两种方式均可用手工清账和自动清账的方法手工清账自动清账①条件：1)openitembasis2)accountstobeclearmustbedefined②Itemsnotcleared：1)noteditems2)statiscalposting,downpayment,billsofexchange3)itemswithwithholdingtaxentry(预提税款)③用途:用系统做银行对账,未达账项就要用自动清账,其assignment就是”聚号”清账方法IncomingandOutgoingPaymentsCustomersgenerallypayoutstandinginvoicesandfrequentlytakeadvantageofcashdiscounts.Andan“incomingpayment”,typicallyusedinAccountsReceivable,clearsanopendebitamount.An“outgoingpayment”,typicallyusedinAccountsPayable,clearsanopencreditamount.TheManualPaymentProcess①DataisenteredinthedocumentheaderDocumentHeader：----PaymentHeader----BankData----Openitemselection②Openitemareselectedtobecleared.③Thetransactionissimulatedandsaved.DocumentHeader:OpenItemSelectionProcessOpenItemsAutomaticPostingWhenClearingOpenItemsAccountisG/LaccountusedforincomingandoutgoingpaymentResettingClearedItems①清账和统计性科目不能直接reversal,要先reset,才能reversal.②reset时,clearingdataisremovedfromtheitemsatfirst,才能等待reversal.PaymentDifferences过账时定义的可容忍误差的范围(清账时产生差额时使用)①类型1)users(employee)MasterRecords2)G/LaccountMasterRecords3)Customer/Vendormasterrecords②步骤1)definetolerancegroup2)bygroupkey(4位字母),companycode,acurrencycode3)assignto3kinds③1)Controltheautomaticpostingof“cashdiscountadjustment’’and“unauthorizedcustomerdeductions”----withintolerance2)ManuallyProcess----OutsidetoleranceToleranceGroup清账时产生差额(1)差额小(withintolerance)---immaterial(非实质性)如果公司不用tolerancegroup,就要定义一个key”____”(Blank)空格,以表示最小容忍误差.自动过账adjustcashdiscountuptocertainamountsorwriteitofftoaspecialaccount(2)差额大---(outsidetolerance)materiallyApproach1:Partialpayment清时Dr.Bank:5000OI:8000Cr.AR50005000-OI：8000Bothitemsremainontheaccount,要清完才能转到下面(余额)去,再清20005000-2000-**不要手输,右边有个小空白,双击小空白(stillOZ),否则容易算错,系统会自动进行计算.Approach2:ResidualPayment清时Dr.Bank:5000OI:3000*AR30008000Cr.AR80008000-***item上剩余显示3000表示只有3000的AR3**8000就当已经清过了原AR消失,产生新AR3000只有清一笔,原有的就立即转下来,剩下未清的。总结:•APartialPaymentresultsintheopeninvoiceandtheincomingpaymentremaininginthecustomeraccountasopenitems•AResidualPaymentcleanstheinvoiceandpaymenttocreateanewopenitemReasoncodes①在lineitem里，可以根据不同的reasoncode定义不同的科目。②在Editingstatus里，Reasoncode只是description,不定义科目。ExchangeRateDifferences1.汇兑损益会根据不同的科目,根据不同的需要,将汇兑损益定义到不同的科目。2.AllreconciliationaccountsandallG/LaccountwithOItransactionsinforeigncurrencymustbeassignedrevenue/expenseaccountforrealizedlossandgains.3.Determineways：①Toallcurrenciesandcurrencytypes.②Percurrenciesandcurrencytype.③Percurrency.④Percurrencytype.RealizedExchangeRateDifferencesAccountDetermination