金华江流域生态服务补偿机制及其政策建议

28520069RESOURCESSCIENCEVol.28,No.5Sep.,2006:1007-7588(2006)05-0030-06:2005-11-21;:2005-12-27:TransformingpaymentsforenvironmentalservicesinChina:Movingfromstatecontroltoequitablemarketmechanisms:(1975),,,,E2mail:[e-mail]1)Landell2Mills,N.PorrasIT.,Silverbulletorfoolsgold?Aglobalreviewofmarketsforforestenvironmentalservicesandtheirimpactsonthepoor,InternationalInstituteforEnvironmentandDevelopment(IIED),2001.1,2,3,4(11,100101;21,100080;31,100081;41,100101):,4,,,,,:;;;,,,,,,[1],1),,[27],,,,,,,,,1,,[8],,[911],5:(1),:,,,,,,,,,,(2),,,(3),,(4),,(5),1Fig.1ThespatialdistributionofwatersystemsinJinhuaRiver221121111,,149110km2,,147100hm2,,(1)500m1200m,,,,,7416%,,,(1),,,1611,317,2811,105030,236,171413h,144518mm,,[12](2)2000,11199104hm2,80%,12106%,1178%0152%,,(),,,,,(3),847120mm,1146108m3,915140mm,2122108m3,0107108m30114108m3,,,0178108m31116108m3,5314%5214%,13285:,21112200320162104,2124104,,20038156108,121331117,,,20038007,17831,17973277833029,578261474387212:,,,,(),,(),,,,:,,2108499919104m3,,011Pm3(),3:,,,,,,,,,2,,,,1996,,,,6601302004,1km2,,,20024033104,1P420045300104,,,,213,:,,,,,(1),232851Table1MainpollutantsdensityinJinhuaRiverPH333333253232532355553455433554:(2003),,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3,,:(1),;(2),;(3),,,;(4),,,,,,22Fig.2Thepresentationoftheprocessandmechanismofwatershedpayment(1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(2),,,,,33285:(3),,,,,,(2)4(1),,,,,,,,,,,,(2),,,,,(3),,(4),,,,(References):[1],.[J].,2004,(12):38431[ZHANGLu2biao,ZHENGHai2xia.Apreliminaryinstitutionalanalysisonmarketingwatershedservices[J].EnvironmentalProtection,2004,(12):38431][2]ManriqueRojas,BruceAylward.MarketsforEnvironmentalServices(MES2)2WhatareWeLearningfromExperienceswithMarketsforEnvironmentalServicesinCostaRica?AReviewandCritiqueoftheLiterature[EBPOL].http:PP=MES,20052112231[3]IanPowell,AndyWhiteandNatashaLandell2Mills.DevelopingMarketsFortheEcosystemServicesofForests[EBPOL].http:PP[4]Perrot2MaitreD,PDavis.CaseStudiesofMarketsandInnovativeFinancialMechanismsforWaterServicesfromForests[EBPOL].http:PP[5]YoungRA,SLGray.EconomicValueofWater:ConceptsandEmpiricalEstimates.Finalrep.TotheNatl.WaterQual.Comm.[M].ContractNwc,70-280,Colo.Stateuniv.FortCollins,March,19721[6]WardFA.Economicsofwaterallocationtoinstreamusesinafullyappropriatedriverbasin:EvidencefromaNewMexicoWildRiver[J].WaterResourcesResearch,1987,23(3):3813921[7],,.[J].,2005,(2):181[WANJun,ZHANGHui2yuan,WANGJin2nan.PolicyevaluationandframeworkdiscussionofecologicalcompensationmechanisminChina[J].ResearchofEnvironmentalSciences,2005,(2):181][8]ConstanzaR,dArgeR,RudolfdeGroot,etal.Thevalueoftheworldsecosystemservicesandnaturalcapital[J].Nature,1997,387:2532601[9]NickHanley,JosonF.ShogrenandBenWhite,EnvironmentalEconomicsinTheoryandPractice[M].NewYork,OxfordUniversityPress,19971[10],,,.[J].,2003,(6):28381[XUJin2tao,YUYing,XIEChen,etal.Theimpactsofnaturalforestconservationprojectoncollectiveforestsandcommunityeconomicdevelopment[J].ForestEconomics,2003,(6):28381][11],,ScottRozelle.:[J].,2004,(11):8141[WANGJin2xia,HUANGJi2kun,ScottRozelle.Incentive,participationoffarmersandwatersavings:EmpiricalresearchonthereformofwatermanagementinstitutionintheirrigationdistrictsoftheYellowRiverBasin[J].ChinaSoftScience,2004,(11):8141][12].(20012010)[EBPOL].http:PP[PananLandResourceBureau.LandDevelopmentandConsolidation[EBPOL].http:PP]43285EcologicalCompensationMechanismandPolicyRecommendationsinJinhuaRiverBasinZHENGHai2xia1,2,ZHANGLu2biao3,FENGZhi2ming4(11CollegeofManagement,BeijingUnionUniversity;Beijing100101,China;2.CenterforHumanandEconomicDevelopmentStudies,PekingUniversity,Beijing100080,China;31DepartmentofInternationalCooperation,CAAS,Beijing100081,China;41InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,CAS,Beijing100101,China)Abstract:Establishmentofeco2compensationmechanismplaysanimportantroleinthewatershedenvironmentalprotection.Thecorecontentsofeco2compensationcomprise5aspects:principles,targetgroup,range,criteria,mechanismandlegislationofecologicalcompensation.Theecologicalcompensationshouldabidebytheprinciplesofbeneficiaries2pay,polluters2payandprotectors2gainundertheframeworkofequity,developmentandoperability.Thetargetandrangeofeco2compensationshouldclarifywhowillpayandwhowillgetpayments.Thecriteriaofpaymentareimportantbasisforeco2compensation.Basedonpaymentcriteriaandmechanism,theregulationsandlawsshouldbeworkedoutforregulatingtheimplementationofecologicalcompensation.TheJinhuawatershedislocatedinthemiddlepartofZhejiangProvinceinthesubtropicalmonsoonclimateareawithanannualaveragetemperatureof1611.Theareaofarablelandaccountsfor12106%;forestland78145%;constructionandminingland1178%.ThemodeofecologicalcompensationinJinhuaRiverbasinfeaturesthecombinationofwateruserightstradinganddevelopmentofindustryzoneinthedownstream.Atthesametime,themodeofwateruserighttradingispushedbymarketundergovernmentinstruct