非谓语动词讲解(超全超实用)

第1页共19页非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词:a.动词不定式b.v-ingc.过去分词概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.动词不定式一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1.一般式todoIliketoreadEnglish.2.进行式tobedoingHeseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.3.完成式tohavedoneHeseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.4.被动式tobedoneTheworkistobedonesoon.5.完成被动式tohavebeendoneTheboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.疑问词+动词不定式What,who,which,where,when,how,why等疑问词构成不定式短语，这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。二.动词不定式的用法I.作主语(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将todo位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+(+sb.)+时间/金钱+todoIttakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.第2页共19页Itcostsyouonly$100amonthtocookathome.Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.句型2：It’s+n.(+forsb)+todoIt’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthecountryside..Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.句型3：Itis+adj（+forsb）todosth（是形容事物的性质的）Itis+adj（+ofsb）todosth（是形容人的品质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.疑问词+不定式作主语Whentostartremainsundecided.1.Itiseasytogettherebybusortaxi.2.Ittakesabout3hourstoseeallthebirds.3.Itisalsoimpolitetospeakwithyourmouthfullwhenyouareeating.4.It’sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.5.Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?6.Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.7.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.8.Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.9.It’snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.10.Itisusefulforourhealthtodomorningexercises.II.作宾语接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere(1)常见动词有：like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,fail,manage,learn,seem,forget,want,prepare,pretend,plan,wish等Theywanttoget_(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?Hesaidhewished__tobe(be)aprofessor.(2)it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．第3页共19页Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.Wethought_it__better__to_startearly.2.Doyouconsider_it__betternot_to_go?3.Ifeel_it_myduty_to_changeallthat.4.Wethinkit__important_to_obeythelaw.5.Iknow_it_impossible_to_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.(3)疑问词+不定式作宾语常常放在这些动词的后面作宾语：tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Thedictionarydidn’ttelltheFrenchmanhowtopronouncetheword.(4)作介词but,except,besides的宾语。Can’tchoosebutdoCan’thelpbutdo/havenochoicetodoDonothingbutdoPractice:1.WouldyouliketogotoThailand?(wouldliketodosth.)2.Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.3.Ithinkitourdutytoobeythelaws.4.Doyouknowhowtoplayfootball?5.Ifounditdifficulttoseehimhere.6.Herearesomeideasabouthowtofindcheap,funthingstodowithyourfamilyonweekends.7.Manypeopleliketogotoarestaurant.8.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.9.Everyonewantstohaveahappyweekend.10.ShehopeI’lladviseherwhichtochoose.III.作宾语补足语1.I’llgetsomeone_to__repairtherecorderforyou.2.Whatcausedhim_to__changehismind?v.+sb.+todoadvise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo注意：（1）在动词feel（一感），hear,listento（二听），have,let,第4页共19页make（三使），notice,see,watch,observe,lookat（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。v.+sb.+doLet’sgotoThailandrightnow.（letsb.dosth.）Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.(seesb.dosth.)Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.Heisoftenheardtosing(sing)thesong.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmatecry(cry).Todayhewasmadetocry(cry)byhisdeskmate.(makesb.dosth.)(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.Ioftenhelphim（to）cleantheroom.[helpsb.(to)dosth.]Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.比较：Theprofessortoldthestudentshowtodotheexperiment.Theprofessortoldthestudentstodotheexperiment.Practice:1.Nooneletsyousitintheoffice.2.Iwantyoutoknowsomerules.3.Iheardhersingtoday.Shesangwonderful.4.Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.5.Doyoufeelthehouseshake?6.Thebossmadetheworkersworkfor12hoursaday.7.Weweremadetomaketensentenceswiththesewords.8.I’mwaitingforTomtogivetheanswer.9.Wouldyoulikehersingasongforus?10.Didanyonenoticeastrangemancomeintothebank?IV．作定语Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)1.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.Sheisalwaysthefirsttoanswerquestions.2.不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.Hemadeapromisetobeagoodboy.第5页共19页Thereisnoneedtobuildadamonthesmallriver.3.不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?OneofthemostinterestingplacestovisitinSingaporeisBirdPark.不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词Heboughtacuptodrinkwaterwith.Ihavenothingtocomplainabout.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Practice:1.Eachmembercanchooseafilmfortheeveningtowatchtogether.2.Hesatdownatatableandwaitedforsomeonetotakehisorder.3.Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?4.Pleasegivemesomethingtodrink.5.Shehasachildtotakecareof.6.Heisnotthekindofmantodosuchthings.7.Itisalreadytimetobeginourclass.8.Thankyouforgivingmethechancetomakethespeech.9.Sheboughtabookshelftoputherbookson.10.Youaretheonlyperson