英语修辞转喻and提喻

1102Group4转喻法(Metonymy)提喻法(Synecdoche)ContentsDefinition2Metonymy3Synecdoche4Comparison5Introduction1Introduction•LiteralLanguage•FigurativeLanguage(Trope修辞，比喻)①Simile②Metaphor③Metonymy④SynecdocheDefinitionofMetonymy•Metonymyisafigureofspeechhastodowiththesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanother.•转喻是在提及事物时不用其本身的名字称呼而是用与它密切相连的概念来替代它的一种英语修辞格。•它着重的是事物本身的特点或它与其他事物之间的特殊关系(1)以事物的特征代替事物、人本身。(2)以工具代替动作或行为者(3)以人或物代特征(4)以事物活动的场所代替事物或活动者(5)以某物的产地代替该物(6)以作者或生产者代替作品或产品(7)以容器代替其中内容.。。。。。。。。。用法Metonymy转喻Metonymy(转喻）(1)以事物的特征代替事物、人本身。Grayhairshouldberespected.Nocross,nocrown.(Aproverb)Metonymy(转喻）(2)以工具代替动作或行为者Hewasraisedtothebench.Hispenswaysoverhalfofthecivilizedworld.Metonymy(转喻）(3)以人或物代特征Thereismuchoftheschoolboyinhim.Thewolfandthepigmingledtogetherinhisface.Metonymy(转喻）(4)以事物活动的场所代替事物或活动者TheWhiteHouse(白宫)→thePresidentorExecutivebranchoftheUSgovernmentCapitolHill(国会山)→thelegislativebranchoftheU.S.governmentWallStreet(华尔街)→U.S.FinancialcirclesMetonymy(转喻）(5)以某物的产地代替该物WouldyoucareforacupofLongjing?MaotaiScotch（whisky威士忌）Metonymy(转喻）(6)以作者或生产者代替作品或产品OurSonyworkedwell.WedroveaFordtoHydePark.Metonymy(转喻）(7)以容器代替其中内容Heisfondofthebottle.他喜欢喝酒。Whatdisheswouldyoulike?您要什么莱?Thekettleisboiling.壶(水)开了。Heisinhiscupsagain.他又喝醉了。ExerciseHesettheroomroaringwithlaughter.他使全屋子爆发出笑声。Thecoatwouldbebeyondhismiserablepocket.他的钱少得可怜，买不起那件大衣。Whenevermyhusbandhasabaddayattheoffice,hehitsthebottle.每当我丈夫在办公室不顺心，他就喝得酩酊大醉。Metonymy(转喻）(8)以具体事物代替抽象事物Helivesbythepen.HeistoofondofthebottleIfoundthepatriotinhim.Don’tact／playthefool.Playtheman!Metonymy(转喻）(9)以抽象事物代替具体事物Inthepresentinstance,itwassicknessandpovertytogetherthatshecametovisit.(JaneAusten)Itisapitythatthereismoreignorancethanknowledgeinthecountry.Metonymy(转喻）(10)以“颜色词+名词”构成的名词来替代意义上与之有关的名词Heistheblacksheepinthefamily.Hehasayellowstreak.Hemightbethedarkhorseintheswimmingcontest.•Synecdoche大体上可分为6类：•以部分代全体•以全体代部分•以一种事物代替一类事物•用一类事物代替一种事物•用原材料代替其制品•以个体代替一类Synecdoche（提喻）1、以部分代全体Theywereshortofhandsatharvesttime.Noeyesawhim,butasecondlatereveryearheardagunshot.ThepoormanhadsixmouthstofeedSynecdoche（提喻）2、以全体代部分Englandwonthefootballgame.Thebirdssangtowelcomethesmilingyear.Hehasgainedafootinginthemusicalworld.Synecdoche（提喻）（3）以属代替种Springvanisheswiththerose.ItwillcostyouaprettypennySynecdoche（提喻）4）以种代替属Whatalovelycreature!Synecdoche（提喻）（5）以具体代抽象Heearnedhisbreadasateacher.Thewolfandthepigmingledtogetherinhisface.Synecdoche（提喻）（6）以抽象代具体Allthewitandlearningoftheworldwereassembledthere.Itwassicknessandpovertytogetherthatshecametovisit.转喻（metonymy）与提喻(synecdoche)的比较metonymy是利用人体部位指代其功能或特点例1：Herheartruledherhead.她的感情控制了理智synecdoche则是利用人体部位指代整体例2：Noeyesawhim,butasecondlatereveryearheardagunshot没有人看见他，可是，一秒钟以后每个人都听到一声枪响。人体部位指代人转喻（metonymy）与提喻(synecdoche)的比较metonymyWeareallears.我们洗耳恭听synecdocheTwoheadsarebetterthanone.两个脑袋总比一个脑袋强。•例5：Hehasanoldheadonyoungshoulders.他年轻而有见识。•Head是人体部位，前面加了形容词old后，产生一种联想意义，即“有见识的”；shoulders也是人体部位，前面加了形容词young后，产生一种象征意义，即“年轻人”。该句没有用人体部位指代整体，而是用人体部位指代其特点，故修辞手法是转喻Thanks1102Group4