琦叔单词串讲笔记整理

陈琦词汇串讲笔记整理声明:本笔记版权归陈琦(@陈琦And書林)所有，由Martin_tien（@Martin_Tien）整理。本笔记仅限于研究学习之用，不得用于商业用途。所有同义归类不区分词性。Section1矛盾,对立paradoxicalambivalentcontradictorybeliecounterdichotomyincongruityantitheticalapophasisoxymoronRemark:1.ambi-:betweenambiguous(不确定的)ambidextrous和dexterous都是“灵巧的”意思。类似的加一个部分意思不变的单词还有lasting和everlasting、windy和long-windy2.dic-ordict-：表示说。predictdictiondictionarybenediction(祝福)malediction(诅咒)valedictorian(告别词)interdiction(禁止inter-有交互的意思)abdicate:退位(琦叔版本的通俗翻译:不干了!)带-ate后缀的动词一定能拆成前缀、词根和后缀三部分。3.belie：belying非常重要，一出现就要找反义词。4.apophasis：Claimingbynotclaiming,e.g.日语中的“雅蠛蝶”5.oxymoron:矛盾修饰法如高调的低调,朴素的奢华多产的lushfecundproductiveprolificRemark:lush:郁郁葱葱的；多产的贫瘠的unproductiveinfertilebarrensterileimpoverisheddepletedRemark:1.deplete:用尽ple-:往里面装depletereplete:充满的;#引申义#大量的plethora:过量的,和dearth(稀缺)形成对比implement:实施，执行；实现，使生效。im-：放进去的意味complement：补充（=supplement）compliment：恭维complimentary：free的意思忽视,不理会shrugdisregardignoreneglectslight重视ambient(周围的),ambidextrous(灵巧的)attendheedmindadvertRemark:advert:关注，留意advertisement：引起注意的东西——广告补充inattentiveheedlessmindlessinadvertent不吸引人的(uninteresting)pedestriandrearyjejunemonotonoustediouswearisomestalestogyinsipidvapidprosaicblandhumdrumjadedsoporificRemark:1.ped做词根有两个意思脚(foot):pedestrianexpediteexpedientimpedequadrupedcentipedepeddlepedestal儿童(child):pediatricianpedagogypedantencyclopedia2.mone-：one，singlemonopolymonarch(arch：power)monologue:独白monochromatic:单色monocle:单片眼镜3.prosaic:形近词mosaic:综合体(AmericanMosaic:美国万象,其反义词是purity)吸引人的(interesting)absorbingengagingengrossinggrippingintriguinginvolvingrivetingarrestingsnappyfascinatingmesmerizingentranceRemark:1.engross:形近词emboss:decorate装饰2.mesmerize:催眠;迷住3.entrance:v.使出神,使着迷.反义词是pall热情洋溢的enthusiasticebullientexuberanteffervescentvivaciousgushingboilingeffusiveRemark:1.ebullient：e(→ex-)bull(→bubble)ientboiling:热情奔放的exu(→exude)berantef(→ex)ferve(→fervor)scentgush:v.喷涌gushing:过度热情的ef(→ex)fus(→flow)ive:热情洋溢的2.vivacious:viv(→alive)revive:复苏,苏醒survive:幸免于vivid:生动的convivial:喜欢吃喝交际;欢乐的social;happyE.g.therewasoftenalotofbogusconvivialityatthecompany’sparties.公司的聚会上往往有着虚伪的欢乐)冷漠的tepidRemark:tepid:冷漠的trepid:胆小的(intrepid大胆的)torpid:torpor冷漠,不热情的torrid:酷热的;热情的frigid:极其寒冷的turgid:浮夸的turbid:混沌的不高兴的(unhappy)glum(反义词:glee)gloomymelancholydejectedmorosesaturninesullen高兴地(happy)cheerfuljovialjocundsanguinelightheartedrejoicedconvivialRemark:表示狂喜的四个词ecstasyblisseuphoriarapture话多的circuitouscircumlocutorydiffuseprolixramblingverbosewindylong-windy(windbag健谈的人)wordygarrulousloquaciousglibexpansivevolubleRemark:circum-:围绕circumlocutory:话多的circumspect:carefulcircumscribe:限制circumvent:包围；陷害；绕行-scribe:写describeascribe:归因于subscribe:签署;同意proscribe:限制prescribe:开药方;规定loqu-=locu-:speakloquacious:话多的grandiloquent=magniloquent:浮夸的locution:惯用语elocution:演说术eloquent:雄辩的interlocution:对话circumlocution:绕圈的话soliloquy:独白obloquy:指责(ob-:反obstruct阻碍)话少的laconicreservedreticentcurtpithysuccincttersecompendiousRemark:reserved:内向的,矜持的curtail:缩减简洁和话少当一回事compendious:compendium=synopsis摘要,大纲latitude:freedom简朴的(作风、行文简朴的)austereplainspartanstarkunadornedspareRemark:1.austere:ascetic,stoic简朴的,自制的2.unadorned:adorn(=ornament)装饰adore:极度喜爱ETS经常对一个单词用前面加un-后面加-ed进行改写:unconcerned:不关心的unchecked:不能被阻止的,未加抑制的unalloyed:纯净的(purity)unglazed:没上釉彩的unfeigned:真实的undeterred:未受阻的unbridled:不能被阻止的,无拘束的奢华的lavishluxuriousplushsumptuouspompousbaroqueRemark:lav-:水与水有关的词有两个意思:1.量多2.钱花的多plush:奢华的blush:脸红flush:冲洗,冲刷;大量的sumptuous:形近词presumptuous:专横的；放肆的；冒昧的(beyondpropriety)无关的,多余的extraneousimpertinentinapplicableirrelativeimmaterialperipheraltangentsuperfluousexcessiveextraredundantsurplus相关的applicableappositeaproposgermanepertinentrelativerelevantcentralto成功的(successful)eminentcelebrateddistinguishedfamednotableprominentrenownedRemark:eminent:形近词imminent:迫在眉睫的(=impending)celebrated:celebritycelerity:快速;敏捷accelerate平庸的mediocreundistinguished缓和,减轻assuagemoderateallayalleviatemitigatepalliatetemperRemark:allay:减轻,缓和alley:小巷alloy:混合物ally:friendrally:召集-lev-:举起lever:杠杆levity:举止轻浮的(反义词:gravity)levy:征收(tax)加重,恶化worsenaggravateexasperatedeteriorateexacerbateRemark:aggrav(gravity)ateexasper(asperity)ateexacerb(acerbic)ate平息soothedefusemollifyconciliatepropitiateappeasepacifyplacatecalmsettlesubduesolaceRemark:defuse:fuse有“导火线”的意思moll-：softenmollusk：软体动物emollient：润肤剂plac-:sootheplacid:平静的implacable:难以平息的placebo:安慰剂煽动,激起agitategallinflamenettleprovokepeevepiqueirritaterileroilinfuriateantagonizeRemark:agitated:不安的inflammable=flammable可燃的nonflammable不可燃的valuable=invaluable有价值的passion=impassioned充满激情的irritate:煽动irrigate:冲刷pique:piquant令人愉悦的刺激pungent令人不爽的刺激in-furi-ate:fury狂怒ant-agon-ize:激怒;与……为敌agony极度痛苦倾向，爱好（like,fondness）predispositiondispositionleaningpropensitytendencyinclinationproclivitybentliabilitypredilectionpenchantorientationaffinityRemark:proclivity:acclivity上坡declivity下坡delectable→predilectionpenchant:形近词enchant:使迷惑trenchant:一针见血的,犀利的不喜欢(dislike),反感aversionrepugnanceantipathyRemark:re-:反pug:打hitrepugnancepugnacious:好斗的impugn:指责模仿mimicmockemulatesimulateimpersonateimitateparrotRemark:mimic和mock是嘲弄性的模仿parrot:学舌,模仿在考试中出现的表示“动物”的单