《工程力学A》课程教学大纲Title

1、1COMPARABILITYOFSAVINGANDPROFITRATIOSOECDNationalAccountsExpertsMeetingChateaudelaMuette,Paris7-10October2003汽车防盗器DiscussionofalternativehouseholdsavingmeasuresatOctober2002NAEMECB/OECDproject–Detailedexaminationofinstitutionalsectoraccountsfortheeuroarea,theUnitedStatesandJapanwithparticularemphasisonhouseholdsavingratios,profitratiosandinvestmentratiosScopeofthispaper–Householdsavingratios–Profitratios3HouseholdsavingratiosIssuesrelatingtothebasicmeasureofthehouseholdsavingratio–Grossorne。

2、t?–IncludeNPISH?–Changeinnetequityofhouseholdsonpensionfunds–AdjustedhouseholddisposableincomeProposeddefinitionforuseinOECDStatisticalDatabases(includingAnnexTable24ofEconomicOutlook)Furtheradjustmentstothehouseholdsavingratio4StatisticalAnnexTable24,OECDEconomicOutlookReproducedasTable1-showshouseholdsavingratiosfor21membercountriesFootnotestothistableindicatedifferencesinthedatacurrentlybeingpublishedforvariouscountriesOECDEconomicsDepartmenttendstousemeasuresforthehouseholdsavingratioan。

3、dothervariablesthatwillbereadilyrecognisedinthemembercountries–Hencewhatispublishedbymembercountriesintheirownnationalaccountshasaneffectoninternationalcomparability5GrossornethouseholdsavingNetisthepreferredmeasureOnlyusegrossifCOFCestimatesaredeficientDatafor7countriesiscurrentlyshowngrossRecommendation1:Itisrecommendedthatthesevencountries(Belgium,Denmark,Italy,Portugal,Spain,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom)includehouseholdsavingratiosintheirnationalaccountspublicationsonanetbasisinsteadof。

4、,orinadditionto,thegrossmeasures.6IncludeNPISHDatafor5countriescurrentlyexcludeNPISHRecommendation2:Intheinterestsofinternationalcomparabilityitisrecommendedthatthefivecountries(CzechRepublic,Finland,France,JapanandNewZealand)alsoincludehouseholdsavingratiosforhouseholdsincludingNPISHintheirnationalaccountspublications.7ChangeinnetequityofhouseholdsonpensionfundsCurrentdefinition:B8/(B6+D8)WhereB8=NethouseholdsavingB6=NethouseholddisposableincomeD8=Changeinnetequityofhouseholdsonpensionfunds。

5、Table2provideshouseholdsavingratiosusingthisformulaanddatafromtheOECDannualSNA93databaseRecommendation3:Itisrecommendedthatcountriesthathaveanon-nilvaluefortheadjustmentforthechangeinequityofhouseholdsonpensionfunds(D8)shouldverifythattheirownsavingratiosareconsistentwiththisdefinition.8AdjustedhouseholddisposableincomeNewconceptsintroducedinSNA93–Collectiveandindividualconsumptionforgeneralgovernment–Socialtransfersinkind–Actualfinalconsumption–AdjustedhouseholddisposableincomeNewaccountinSN。

6、A93–UseofadjusteddisposableincomeaccountTheseenableamoreinternationallycomparablehouseholdsavingratiotobecomputed9Adjustedhouseholddisposableincome(cont)Nethouseholdsaving(B8)/[Netadjustedhouseholddisposableincome(B7)+Adjustmentforthechangeinequityofhouseholdsonpensionfunds(D8)]Table3provideshouseholdsavingratiosformembercountriesusingthisdefinitionandusingdatafromtheOECDannualSNA93database.Table4showsthedifferencesbetweenthismeasureandthecurrentmeasureforthehouseholdsavingratioshowninTable2。

7、.10ProposeddefinitionforthehouseholdsavingratioRecommendation4:ThehouseholdsavingratioforinclusioninOECDStatisticalDatabases(includingAnnexTable24oftheOECDEconomicOutlook)shouldbedefinedasfollows:Nethouseholdsaving(B8)/[Netadjustedhouseholddisposableincome(B7)+Adjustmentforthechangeinequityofhouseholdsonpensionfunds(D8)]TheratioshouldbecalculatedincludingNPISHforthepresent.11Proposeddefinitionforthehouseholdsavingratio(cont)Itisalsorecommendedthatcountriespublishthismeasureofhouseholdsavingin。

8、theirownnationalaccountspublicationsinadditiontothetraditionalmeasure.Question:Arethosecountriesthatpublishquarterlyhouseholdsavingratiosabletoprovideestimatesforindividualconsumptionforgeneralgovernmentonaquarterlybasis?12AdjustmentstothehouseholdsavingratioCapitalgainstaxesDirecttaxesversustaxesonproductionandimportsRealnetinterestpaymentsforhouseholdsHouseholddurablesPotentialandrealisedcapitalgains/lossesOtherissuesregardingpensionsTreatmentofunincorporatedenterprisesFinancialaccoun。

9、tsmeasure13Adjustmentstothehouseholdsavingratio(cont)StatisticsDirectorateisworkingtowardsalternativesavingmeasuresNeedtorecognisethelimitationsofsomeoftheproposedadjustmentssinceitcannotbeassumedthattheeconomicbehaviourofhouseholdswouldbeunaffectedifdifferentinstitutionalarrangementsactuallyexistedinparticularcountries.14CapitalgainstaxesProposedadjustment–Treatcapitalgainstaxesascapitaltransfersratherthancurrenttransfers–Addbackcapitalgainstaxestohouseholdsavingandhouseholddisposableincome。

10、OECDpapertobediscussedunderagendaitem29–SeemsunlikelythatachangeinSNA93willberecommendedtotheISWGNAItemforcapitalgainstaxesaddedtoTable90015DirecttaxesversustaxesonproductionandimportsSavingisnotaffectedbythemixofthesetaxesbuthouseholddisposableincomeisHowadjust?–Replacetaxesonproductionetcbyincometaxes–Replaceincometaxesbytaxesonproductionetc–UseastandardmixoftaxesforallcountriesSuggestthefirstofthesealternatives–DeducttaxesonproductionetcfromHDIIssues–Taxe。