初二英语动词不定式讲解包含口诀

1初二英语动词不定式讲解动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形“,有时可以不带to.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。一、作主语，可以用it代替，it叫形式主语，动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语1．Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.2.It’sdangeroustodriveveryfast.二、如果宾语太长，可用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+谓语+it+宾语不足语(名词或形容词)+todosth”结构，谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。Ifounditdifficulttostophim.我发现拦截他很困难。三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree(同意),hope(希望),decide(决定),need(需要),mean(打算),wish(希望),fail(失败),want(想要),begin(开始),wouldlike(想要等。Ask(请求）,beg（乞求),leave,like,love,hate(讨厌）,prefer（宁愿）,order（命令）,teach,（教）tell,（告诉）believe（相信）,find,（找出）know,（知道）want,（想要）think,（认为）understand,（明白）后面跟动词不定式的动词口诀有：三个希望两答应（wishhopewantpromisagree)两个要求莫拒绝（askbegrefuse)想要明白跟知道（wouldlikeunderstandknow)教会告诉要相信（teachtellbelieve)找出爱恨区别点（findlovehate)Hehasdecidedtogotothecountryside.他已决心去乡下。四、（1）“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以作动词know、think、findout等的宾语。2Idon’tknowwhotoask.我真不知道该问谁。（2）“疑问词+动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。Shetoldmewheretofindtheearphone.她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。五、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。Autumnharvestisabouttostart.秋收即将开始。I’mworryingaboutwhattodonext.我正愁下一步该怎么办。六、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。此时，如果动词不定式的动词为不及物动词，后面的介词绝对不能省略。动词分“及物”和“不及物”，“及”你就理解成“涉及，有联”，“物”你就理解成“事物或人”。及物的动词”就是“涉及事物的动词”即“有受对象的动词”或“带宾语的动词”（像买buy,花费spend），“不及物的动词”就是“不带宾语的动词”“没有动作承受对象的动词”（像跑run，跳jump,）。所以介词不能够省略。Ihavealotofbookstoread.我有许多书要读。Wehadonlyacoldroomtolivein.我们只有寒室一间。七、不定式复合结构作主语时，需注意：（1）It’s+形容词+for/of+sb+todosth.当上面的形容词指的是todosth的性质时，用介词for。It’sdangerousforchildrentoswimintheriver.孩子在这条河里游泳很危险。（游泳这件事情危险）（2）当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时，用介词of。这些形容词往往修饰人：good,bad,polite,unkind,kind,nice,clever,right,wrong,careful,carelessItwascarelessofyoutodothat.你这么做真粗心。（你这个人粗心）八、感官动词hear,see,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento后面直接跟动词原形,即常见的形式为:hearsbdosth等3感官动词后既可跟动词原形作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。Manypeopleliketowatchothersplaygames.许多人喜欢看别人玩游戏.Isawhimcomedownstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）Isawhimcomingdownstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）九、使役动词let,make,have后面直接跟动词原形;help后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语,to可有可无Sheletusmeetheratthestation,butshedidn’tcome.她让我们去车站迎接她,卡她没有来.十、区别下列词组的不同含义:remembertodo记住要做某事rememberdoing记得曾经做过某事forgettodo忘记要做某事forgetdoing忘记曾经做过某事stoptodo停下来去做某事stopdoing停止做某事goontodo继续做另一件事goondoing继续做原来在做的事十一、Ittakessbsometimetodosth.花费某人一段时间干某事.Ittookmehalfanhourtodomyhomeworkyesterday.昨天我花了半小时做回家作业.IttookJimanhourandahalftoreadthebook.吉姆花了一个半小时看这本书.Ittookmotheroneandahalfhourstodothehousework.母亲花了一个半小时干家务.用汉字表述上面的句型为:It+take+人+一段时间+todosth.一段时间形式往往为像这样的例子:fifteenminutes15分钟,anhour一个小时,twodays两天,halfamonth半个月,ayearandahalf一年半...等等十二、不定式的特殊句型WhynotWhynot+动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不……?干吗不……?例如：Whynottakeaholiday?干吗不去度假?4练习根据括号内的动词,用适当的形式填空,空内可能不只填一个词,使句子完整意思正确1.Theyusually__________kitesonSundays.(fly)2.Look!Thedogs__________afterthecat.(run)3.MissGao__________Englishinourschoolsinceshecamehere.(teach)4.Theclassmeeting_________lastWednesdayafternoon.(hold)5.Youshouldlethim__________theworkbyhimself.(finish)6.Meimei__________towashtheoldwoman’sclothestwiceeveryweek.(go)7.MrJiang__________usChineselastterm.(teach)8.Myfather__________backfromJapantomorrow.(come)9.It’sseveno’clocknow.TheGreens__________breakfasttogether.(have)10.Jim__________manyChinesesongssincehecametoChina.(learn)11.Pleaseremember__________thewindowwhenyouleavetheroom.(close)12.Afterschoolsomestudentsbegantodosome__________intheclassroom.(clean)13.English__________widelyinthewholeworldtoday.(speak)()1.IoftenseeTomontheplayground.WhenIpassedtheplaygroundyesterday,Isawhim.A.play;playingB.toplay;playC.playing;toplayC.playing;play()2.—Whatdoesthesignonthebottlemean?—Itmeans“”.A.ThissideupB.DangerousC.RecyclableD.NoParking()3.Whentheplayerfinishedrunning,hewasoutof.A.breatherB.breathingC.breathD.thebreath()4.—Howaboutgoinghikingthisweekend?—Sorry,Ipreferratherthan.A.tostayathome;gooutB.togoout;stayathome5C.stayingathome;gooutD.goingout;stayathome()5.—Wereallyshouldn’tuseplasticbagsanymorewhenshopping.—It’simportanttoprotectourenvironment.A.Sodoesit.B.Withpleasure.C.That’sOK.D.Soitis.()6.——TothesupermarketwithWangFan.A.Wherehaveyougone?B.Wheredidyougotothesupermarket?C.Wherehaveyoubeen?D.Where’sWangFang?()7.Iafraidofthedark,butnowIdon’t.A.usetoB.usedtoC.usetobeD.usedtobe()8.Theearthisyearsold.A.fourthousandssixhundredsB.fourthousandsixhundredC.fourthousandandsixhundredmillionD.fourthousandsixhundredmillions()9.Theyhavemadesogreatprogress.A.threeyearsagoB.forthreeyearsC.inthepastthreeyearsD.beforethreeyears()10.—HasLiHonggonetothelibrary?—Pardon?—Iaskedthelibrary.A.ifLiHonghadgonetoB.ifhadLiHonggonetoC.LiHonghadgonetoD.hasLiHonggoneto()11.—Oh,MissWei.Yourskirtlooksnice.Isitnew?—No,Iitsincethreeyearsago.A.hadB.boughtC.havehadD.havebought()12.—Musttheycleanandtidytheclassroomnow?—No,they.Itafterschoolintheafternoon.A.mustn’t;mustcleanB.needn’t;mustcleanC.mustn’t;needbecleaned;D.don’thaveto;canbecleaned()13.—It’soneo’clocknow.Imustgo.—It’srainingoutside.Don’tleaveitstops.A.whenB.sinceC.whileD.until()14.yourhelp,wecanfinishthetaskintime.A.ThankstoB.ThanksforC.BecauseD.Thank()15.Weshouldplantmoretreesonsidesofthestreet.A.EitherB.BothC.allD.each6