专八英译汉段落翻译完整版-中英文对照

1MyFirstJobWhenIreachedtheageoftwelveIlefttheschoolforeverandgotmyfirstfulltimejob,asagrocer’sboy.Ispentmydayscarryingheavyloads,butIenjoyedit.Itwasonlymycapacityforhardworkthatsavedmefromearlydismissal,forIcouldneverstomachspeakingtomy“betters”withthedeferencemyemployerthoughtIshouldassume.ButthelimitwasreachedoneTuesday—myhalfholiday.OnmywayhomeonthatdayIusedtocarryalargebasketofprovisionstothehomeofmyemployer’ssister-in-law.AsherhousewasonmywayhomeIneverobjectedtothis.OnthisparticularTuesday,however,justaswewereputtingtheshuttersup,aloadofsmokedhamswasdeliveredattheshop.“Waitaminute,”saidtheboss,andheopenedtheloadandtookoutaham,whichhestartedtoboneandstringup.Iwaitedingrowingimpatiencetogetonmyway,notforoneminutebutforaquiteaconsiderabletime.Itwasnearlyhalf-pasttwowhenthebossfinished.Hethencametomewiththeham,putitinthebasketbesideme,andinstructedmetodeliverittoacustomerwhohaditonorder.Thismeantgoingalongwayoutofmyroadhome,soIlookedupandsaidtotheboss:“DoyouknowIfinishattwoonTuesday?”Ihaveneverseenamanlookmoreastonishedthanhedidthen.“Whatdoyoumean?”hegasped.ItoldhimImeantthatIwoulddeliverthegroceriesasusual,butnottheham.HelookedatmeasifIweresomeunusualkindfinsectandburstintoastormofabuse.ButIstoodfirm.Hegavemeupashopelessandtriednewtactics.“Gooutandgetanotherboy,”heyelledatashop-assistant.“Areyougoingtodeliverthemornot?”thebossturnedtomeandaskedinathreateningtone.IrepeatedwhatIhadsaidbefore.“Then,outofhere,”heshouted.SoIgotout.ThiswasthefirsttimeIhadserioustroublewithanemployer.2我的第一份工作当我十二岁时我永远地离开了学校,同时得到了我的第一份全职工作,作为一个食品杂货商的男孩。我每天都在搬沉重的货物,不过干得倒也挺带劲。要不是我能干重活，我早就给辞退了，因为老板要我毕恭毕敬的给那些上等人说话，这样干，我实在受不了。但是有一个星期二，到了我的忍耐极限----这是我歇半天的假日。那一天，在我回家的路上,我又像往常一样，替老捎了一大篮子吃的东西，给他的嫂子送去。因为顺路，我也从没说过不乐意。然而,在这个特别的星期二，就在我们正关门的时候,一大批的熏火腿送到了商店。“等一下,”老板说,他打开火腿包，拿出一只，开始剔骨头，然后用绳子绑起来。我想回家，越等越不耐烦,不是一分钟，一等就是半天。当老板完成已经有二点半了。然后他拿着火腿走向我,把它放在我旁边的篮子里,让我把它送给一个预定的顾客那里。这意味着我要走很长一段路程才能到家,所以我抬起头对老板说:“你知道我星期二两点下班吗?“我还没见过有人像他那次那样吃惊的呢。“你什么意思?他气喘吁吁的说。我告诉他，我的意思是，像平常那样捎点货可以,那只火腿就不送了。他盯着我，好像我是一条怪怪的小爬虫，然后暴跳如雷破口大骂起来。可是我丝毫不让步。他拿我没办法，就耍新花招。“出去给我再找一个伙计来，”他对一个店员大声喊道。“你到底送不送？”老板转过身子，以威胁的口吻问我。我把说过的话又重复了一遍。“那就滚蛋，”他喊道。于是，我就走出来了。这是我头一回和老板真正闹翻了脸。3JustasDarwindiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentoforganicnaturesoMarxdiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentofhumanhistory,thesimplefact,hithertoconcealedbyanovergrowthofideology,thatmankindmustfirstofalleat,drink,haveshelterandclothingbeforeitcanpursuepolitics,science,art,religion,etc;that,thereforetheproductionoftheimmediatematerialmeansofsubsistenceandconsequentlythedegreeofeconomicdevelopmentattainedbyagivenpeopleduringagivenepochformthefoundationuponwhichthestateinstitutions,thelegalconceptions,art,andeventheideasonreligion,ofthepeopleconcernedhavebeenevolved,andinthelightofwhichtheymust,therefore,beexplained,insteadofviceversa,ashadhithertobeenthecase.正像达尔文发现有机界的发展规律一样，马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来为纷繁芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实：人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等等。所以，生产直接与生活有关的物质用品，会为一个民族或一个时代带来一定的经济发展，这两者又构成了国家制度、法律观点、艺术以至宗教思想的基础。因而，我们必须从这个方向来解释上述种种观念与思想，而不是依随那一直以来的相反方向去解释这些观念与思想。4Formysonsthereisofcoursetheruralbountyoffresh-grownvegetables,line-caughtfishandthesharedrichesofneighbors’’orchardsandgardens.Thereistheunpaidbaby-sitterforwhosechildrenmydaughter-in-lawbaby-sitsinreturn,andneighborswhobartertheirskillsandlabor.Butmorethanthat,howdoyoumeasureserenity?Senseifself?Idon’twanttoidealizelifeinsmallplaces.Therearetimeswhentheoutsideworldintrudesbrutally,aswhenthecostofgasolinegoesupordeveloperscasttheireyesonuntouchedfarmland.Therearecruelties,thereisintolerance,thereareallthemanyvicesandmeannessesinsmallplacesthatexistinlargecities.Furthermore,itishardertoignorethemwhentheycannotbebanishedpsychologicallytoanotherpartoftownorexcusedasthewhimsofaliengroups---whentheyhavetobeacknowledgedas“partofus”.对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。乡下有不用付报酬便可请来照看孩子的邻居，作为回报，我儿媳也帮着照看其孩子。乡邻之间互相交换技能和劳动。但比之更重要的是，你如何来衡量那静谧与安详？如何来衡量自我价值呢？我无意将小地方的生活理想化。因为有时外面的世界会无情地侵入：比如汽油价格上涨，开发商把眼睛盯住尚未开发的农田；那里充斥着凶残和偏狭，大城市的种种卑劣行径，小地方也一应俱全。不仅如此，当人们无法自欺欺人地硬把那些丑恶现象想象成只是小地方的一小部分或将它们解释为异乡人的为所欲为，而又不得不承认这一切是我们的一部分时，就更难以忽视它们。5Inaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife;torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamilyhappinessliesthatway.Thepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse:insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren(ormales)isathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.Beyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily—theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.Childrenneedthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitutionuniquelyavailable,atleastinprinciple,forsecurity,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,oftenhostile,world.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,intheliteralsense,needsmorethanonepersonforsustenanceandingenerationalextension.此外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处，这便是：生儿育女是为了维系或改善