动词不定式、动名词用法和区别

动词不定式、动名词的用法和区别动词不定式：动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。1.动词不定式作主语：Tomastalanguageisnotaneasything./ToteachEnglishismyfavorite.动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。It'sverykindofyoutohavegivenusmuchhelp.2.动词不定式作宾语：某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide,begin,help,begin,want,wish,like,forget,learn,ask.IliketohelpothersifIcan.3.动词不定式作宾语补语。Weexpectyoutobewithus.我们希望你和我们在一起。/Pleaseaskhimtocomeherequickly.请叫他快过来。4.动词不定式作表语：WhatIshoulddoistofinishthetasksoon./Themosturgentthingistofindtheboyimmediately.5.动词不定式作定语：Therearemanywaystosolvetheproblem./Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.6.不定式作状语：Wewenttothehospitaltoseeourteacher./SheismakingatesttogetakindofusefulmedicinefromaTibetflower.动词不定式的否定形式：not+to+动词原形Theteachertoldusnottoswiminthatriver.老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。It'sunfairnottotellus.没告诉我们真是不公平。带疑问词的不定式：疑问词who,what,which,when,where,how,why可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。Wheretogoisnotknownyet.Idon'tknowwhentobegin.。Canyoutellmewheretogetthebattery.Doyouknowhowtogettothestation.带逻辑主语的不定式：动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是：for+逻辑主语+不定式。注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式，for本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。It'snecessaryforustohelpeachother./Therearemuchworkformetofinish,动词不定式的被动形式：表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。Heisthemantobeexamined.他是受检查的人。/Therearemuchworktobedone.有好多工作要做。●动名词动名词是由动词原形+ing构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。1)动名词作主语：Talkinglikethatisnotpolite./Learningfromothersisimportant./Puttingonmoreclothesisnotsogood.（注：动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用it作形式主语，而把动名词写在后面做真正的主语。）It'snousewaitinghere,let'sgohome./It'sverydifficultclimbingthismountain.2)动名词作表语Thenurse'sjobislookingafterthepatients.3)动名词作宾语有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin,mind,suggest,finish,stop,need,enjoy,miss,keep.Pleasestopsmokinginthehouse./Ilikereadingintheforest./Doyoumindmyopeningthewindows?4）动名词作定语Sheisstudyinginthereadingroom./Hesleptinthesleepingbag.（动名词的否定形式：not+动名词）Hepretendnotknowingitatall.他假装全然不知。/Weconsiderednotdoingitnow.我们考虑现在不做这件事。动名词的被动形式：当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。）Hisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick./Ican'treallystandbeingtreatedlikethat.动名词的几种特殊情况：1)有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以，它们的具体含义有时还不一样。能跟动名词的动词有：avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,enjoy,escape,forgive,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,pardon,prevent,resist,suggest,understand,can'thelp,等。能跟不定式的动词有：decide,desire,expect,hope,mean,pretend,promise,refuse,undertake,want,wish,agree,manage,能跟动名词和不定式的动词有：love,like,hate,prefer,dislike,begin,continue,intend,attempt,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,try,deserve,start,1)动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的，一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。Iliketogowithyou.Ilikereading.Hepromisedtohelpher.WelovewatchingVCD.2)remember,forget,regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作，后跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。Iremembermeetinghiminthestreet./Iremembertowritealettertomyparents.3)stop+动名词表示停止动名词所表示的动作，stop+不定式表示停下来做不定式所表示的动作。Stopsmoking,please.请不要抽烟。Let'sstoptohavearest.咱们停下来休息一下吧。4)动名词和分词的区别：动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时，分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。readingtext阅读课文〔动名词〕developingcountry发展中国家〔分词〕asleepingbag睡袋〔动名词〕boiledwater开水〔分词〕再谈动词不定式与动名词A、动词不定式作宾补1)tell/ask/wantsbtodosth.______________否定式：tell/ask/wantsbnottodosth.__________2)省to不定式作宾补即：(l,m,n,3h,2看,1f)sbdosth.l—let;m—make;n—notice;3h—hear,have,help;2看—see,watch;1f—feel但注意：1)helpsb(to)dosth.(to可省、可不省)2)在改作被动语态时省去的to应还原eg.Someoneheardhimsingintheroom./Hewasheardtosingintheroom.B、动词不定式与动名词的区别1.(hope;learn;want=wouldlike;decide)todo2.(enjoy;finish;keep;mind;practise)doingdoingworthbeproblemssomehavefunhavetodoingprefertooncontributiamakefrompreventkeepstoplikefeelinspendinbusybe...//)...()(（已做）记住已做了（未做）记住做（已做）忘记已做了（未做）忘记做停止做（正在做的事））停下来去做（另一件事::::::.3doingdotorememberdoingdotoforgetdoingdotostop（原来的事）继续做（另一件事）接着做::.4doingdotoongo常可替换）（(),,.5doingdotolikestartbegin动作在进行）动作结束）((),,.(6doingdosbhearwatchsee动原thanratherdotopreferpleaseyouCouldwouldWillbetterhadnotWhy//.78.介词+doing:eg.1)What/Howaboutdoing2)begoodatdoing等等。