托福TPO8套听力真题(文本)

全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267托福TPO8套听力真题（文本）小马过河为大家准备了“托福TPO8套听力真题（文本）”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267。TPO-8TPO08–ListeningPartConversationStu:Hi,I’dliketodropofmygraduationform;Iunderstandyouneedthisinordertoprocessmydiploma.Pro:Ok,Iwilltakethat.Beforeyouleave,let'smecheckourcomputer.LookslikeyouareOKforgraduation,andactually,Iamgettingawarningflyonyouracademicrecordhere.Stu:Really?Pro:Yeah.Let'sseewaswhat.Areyoufamiliarwithyourgraduationrequirements?Stu:Yes,IthinksoPro:Thenyouknowyouneed48creditsinyourmajorfieldtograduateandatleast24creditsintheintermediatelevelorhigher.Also,afteryoursecondyear,youhavetomeetwithyourdepartmentchairtooutlineaplanfortherestofyourtimehere.Inthepast,wealsoissuelettersbeforestudents’finalyearbegantoletthemknowwhattheyneededtotakeinthefinalyeartobeOK,butwedon'tdothatanymore.Stu:Idefinitelymetwithmychairperson2yearsago;hetoldmethatIneed8morecoursesattheintermediatelevelorhigherinthelast2yearstobeOK.SoIamnotsurewhattheproblemis,ImakesureIgotthesecredits.Pro:Unfortunately,thecomputerisusuallyprettyreliable;Iamnotsurewhatwasgoingonhere.Stu:ItcouldbethatIhavetaken2basiccoursesbutcouplebothofthemwithafewexperiences.Pro:Whatdoyoumean?全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267Stu:Icouldonlytakeintrocoursesbecausetherewerenointermediatelevelcoursesavailableforthoseparticulartopics.MychairpersontoldmethatifIdidtheindependentfieldresearchesinadditiontothescienceworkeachcourse;theywouldcountastheintermediatelevelcourses.Myclassmates,someofmyclassmates,didthisforaneasywaytomeettheirintermediatecourserequirement,butIdidittogetthekindofdepthinthosetopicswasgoingfor.AsIturnedoutIwasreallyenjoythefieldwork,whichIsupplementjustsittingandlisteningthelecturesPro:Iamsurethat’strue,butthecomputerstillshowingthemissbasiclevelcoursesdespitethefieldwork.Stu:Iamnotsurewhattodothen,Imean,shouldIcancelmygraduationparty?Pro:No,noreasontogetworrylikethat,justcontactyourchairpersonimmediately,ok,tellhimtocallmeassoonaspossiblesothatwecanverifyyourfieldworkarrangementandcertifythesecreditsrightaway.It’snotonlythereisanactualdeadlinetodateyouanything.Butifmorethanafewweeksgoby,wemighthavearealproblemthatwoulddifficulttofixintimeforyoutograduate.Infact,thereprobablywouldbenothingwecoulddo.Stu:Iwillgetonthat.LecturePro:Well,lasttimewetalkedaboutpassivehabitatselection,likeplantsforexample,theydon't全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267makeactivechoicesaboutwheretogrow.Theyaredispersedbysomeotheragent,likethewind.Andiftheseedslandinasuitablehabitat,theydowellandreproduce.Withactivehabitat’sselection,anorganismisabletophysicallyselectwheretoliveandbreed.Andbecausetheanimalbreedinghabitatissoimportant,weexpectanimalspeciestodeveloppreferencesforparticulartypesofhabitats.Placeswheretheiroffspringhavethebestchanceforsurvival.Solet'slookattheeffectthepreferencecanhavebylookingatsomeexamples,butfirstlet’srecap.Whatdowemeanbyhabitat?Frank?Stu:Well,it’sbasicallytheplaceorenvironmentwhereanorganismnormallylivesandgrows.Pro:Right,andaswediscussed,therearesomekeyelementsthathabitatmustcontain,foodobviously,water,andisgothavearightclimateandbasicsforphysicalprotection.Andweweresoundhowimportanthabitatselectioniswhenwelookatthehabitatweresomeofthefactorsareremoved,perhapsthroughhabitats’destruction.Ijustreadaboutashortbird,theplover.Theploverlivesbytheoceanandfeedsonsmallshellfishinsectsinplants.Itblendsinwiththesand,soitwellcamouflagefrompredatorbirdsabove.Butitlagseggsinshallowdepressionsinthesandwithverylittleprotectionaroundthem.Soiftherearepeopleordogsonthebeach,theeggsandfledglingsinthenestarereallyvulnerable.OutingCaliforniaweatherhasbeenalotofhumandevelopmentbytheocean.Theploversarenowisthreatenspecies.Soconservationis全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267triedtorecreateanewhabitatforthem.Theymadeartificialbeachesandsunbarsinareainaccessibletopeopleanddogs.Andtheploverpopulationisupquiteabitinthoseplaces.Ok.Thatisanincidencewhereahabitatismadelesssuitable.Butnow,whataboutthecasewhereanimalexhibitsaclearchoicebetweentwosuitablehabitatsincaseslikethat.Dosethepreferencematter?Let'slookatthebluewarbler.TheBluewarblerisasongbirdthatlivesintheNorthAmerica.Theyclearlypreferhardwoodforestswithdenseshrubs,bushesunderneaththetrees.Theyactuallynestintheshrubs,notthetrees.Sotheyprettyclosetotheground,butthesewarblersalsonestintheforeststhathavelowshrubdensity.Itisusuallytheyoungerwarblersthatnexttotheareabecauseprefersspotswherealotofshrubsaretakenbyordermoredominantbirds.Andthechoiceofhabitatseemstoaffectthereproductivesuccess.Becausetheorderandmoreexperiencedbirdswhonestinthehighdensityshrubareashavesignificantlymoreoffspringthanthoseinlowdensityareas,whichsuggeststhatthechoiceofwheretonestdoeshaveimpactonthenumberofchickstheyhave.Butpreferredenvironmentdoesn'talwaysseemtocorrelatewithgreaterreproductivesuccess.Forexample,InEurope,studyhasbeendoneofblackcapwarblers.Wejustcallthemblackcaps.Blackcapscanbefoundintwodifferentenvironments.Theirpreferredhabitatisforestthatneartheedgeofstreams.However,blackcapsalsoliveinpinewoodsawayfromwater.Studyhasbeen全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267doneon