万圣节英语课件-(共48张PPT)

Halloween!万圣节的由来Halloween•HalloweenisaholidaycelebratedonOctober31intheUSA,Canada,England,Ireland,Scotland,Mexico,LatinAmerica,andSpain.HalloweendatesbacktotheancientCelticfestivalofSamhain(pronouncedsow-in).TheCelticpeopleslivedover2,000yearsagointheareathatisnowIreland,theUnitedKingdom,andNorthernFrance.在2000多年前的爱尔兰地区及法国北部，住着一群凯尔特人，而万圣节就是起源于古塞尔特人的一个叫做Samhain的节庆。FortheCelticpeoples,theNewYearwascelebratedonNovember1stofeveryyear.ThisdatemarkedtheendofSummerandthebeginningofWinter.FortheCelticpeoples,theNewYearwascelebratedonNovember1stofeveryyear.ThisdatemarkedtheendofSummerandthebeginningofWinter.Thistimeofyearwasoftenassociatedwithhumandeath.凯尔特人选在每年11月1日庆祝新年，正值夏天结束，冬天刚开始的时节多半让人联想到黑暗的死亡。TheCeltsbelievedthatonthenightbeforethenewyear,theboundarybetweentheworldsofthelivingandthedeadbecameblurredasthedeadsearchedfortheafterlife.Thus,onthenightofOctober31st,theycelebratedSamhain,whenitwasbelievedthattheghostsofthedeadreturnedtoEarthtocausemischiefandtrouble.凯尔特人相信在新年的前一晚，阴间和阳间的大门不再门禁森严，此时阴间的鬼魂会趁机跑出来，为阳间的人们带来厄运。所以，在十月三十一日晚上，凯尔特人会庆祝Samhain这个节日，以趋魔避邪。Tocommemoratetheevent,peoplebuilthugesacredbonfireswhereanimalsandcropsweresacrificedtotheGodsforprotection,andtohelpscareghostsaway.TheCeltsalsoworecostumestodisguisethemselves,inanattempttoconfusethespiritsroamingtheEarth.凯尔特人借着神圣的营火，燃烧献祭的动物和尸体，以赶走可怕的鬼魂并祈求神的保护。同时，凯尔特人也会假扮成鬼的样子，企图混淆跑到阳间的鬼魂。万圣节的象征物Jack-o’-lanternJake-O-Lantern•Carvedpumpkinsaretraditionallyknownas“Jack-o-lanterns.”Traditionally,thejack-o-lanternwascarvedfromaturnip,potato,orbeetandlitwithaburningcandle.Theselanternsrepresentedthesoulsofdepartedlovedonesandwereplacedinwindowsorsetonporchestowelcomethedeceased.TheyalsoservedasprotectionfromevilspiritsfreedfromthedeadonHalloweennight.•InNorthAmerica,turnips,potatoes,andbeetswerenotasreadilyavailable,sothepumpkinwasusedandfoundtobeasuitablereplacement.•众人皆知的杰克南瓜灯是刻在南瓜上，但人们一开始是在萝卜，马铃薯或甜菜上刻灯笼，然后挖空并点燃蜡烛在里面，形成灯笼。这些灯笼代表着过世的亲友，并被放置在窗边或门廊上，以欢迎他们回来。他们也被视为可趋魔避邪的象征。在北美洲，萝卜，马铃薯和甜菜很罕见，因此常见的南瓜就成了非常适合的代替品。Jack-o-lanternsPeoplehavebeenmakingJack-o-lanternsonHalloweenforcenturies.ThepracticeoriginatedfromanIrishmythaboutamanknownas“StingyJack.”StingyJackonedayinvitedtheDeviltohaveadrinkwithhim.Notwantingtopayforthedrink,hetrickedtheDevilintoturninghimselfintoacoin,andthenputtheDevilintohispocketnexttoacrossthatpreventedtheDevilfromchangingbackintohisoriginalform.JackfreedtheDevilaftertheDevilpromisednottobotherJackor,shouldhedie,claimhissoul.万圣节刻杰克南瓜灯的习俗已经有几世纪的历史了。为什么要取名为杰克呢？在爱尔兰人的传说中有个有名的小气杰克。有一天小气杰克请魔鬼喝酒，喝完后，小气杰克却小气地不想付钱，所以他就骗魔鬼，要魔鬼把自己变成一枚硬币，魔鬼变成硬币后，小气杰克迅速地把硬币放在口袋里，和十字架放在一起，以防魔鬼变回原形。之后，魔鬼对小气杰克发誓，他绝对不会对小气杰克报仇，也保证杰克死了也不会让他下地狱。这时，小气杰克才让魔鬼变回原形。Eventually,whenJackdiddie,GodwouldnottakehimintoHeaven,andtheDevil,whohadpromisednottoclaimJack’ssoul,couldnottakehimintoHell.Thus,theDevilsentJack’sspiritintothenightwithonlyaburningcandletolighthisway.JackputthecandleintoacarvedturnipandhasbeenroamingtheEartheversince.TheIrishbegantorefertothisghostlyfigureas“JackoftheLantern,”andthensimplyas“Jack-o-lantern.”到小气杰克死掉后，上帝不允许他进入天堂，而魔鬼曾答应过他不会让他下地狱，所以杰克死后哪都去不了。因此，魔鬼就让他的灵魂漂泊在黑夜里，只留给他一根燃烧的蜡烛来指引他．从此以后，杰克就把蜡烛放在挖空刻好的萝卜里，并且一直留在人间吓人。爱尔兰人一开始称之为杰克的南瓜灯笼(JackoftheLantern)，后来简称为杰克南瓜灯(Jack-o-lantern)。SymbolsofHalloweenModerndayHalloweencelebrationsusemanysymbolstohelpmaketheholidaymoreinterestingSomeoftheseinclude…………现代人用许多东西来庆祝万圣节，让这个节日变得更有趣。你知道是哪些东西吗？蝙蝠是其中一项，因为蝙蝠只住在坟墓，洞穴和废弃的教堂或建筑物中，又因为蝙蝠常令人联想到女巫或吸血鬼，因此他们被视为邪恶的象征。在传说中，女巫和吸血鬼可以化身成蝙蝠，又因为吸血蝙蝠是唯一一种饮血维生的哺乳类动物，因此蝙蝠常让人联想到死亡或邪恶的仪式。BATSBecausebatsonlyflyatnightandliveintombs,caves,andabandonedchurchesandbuildings,theyarebelievedtobeomensofevil.Theyarecommonlyassociatedwithwitchesandvampires.Itissuperstitionthatwitchesandvampirescantaketheformofabat.Sincethevampirebatistheonlymammalthatfeedsonblood,theyareoftenlinkedtodeathandoccultrituals.WITCHES女巫因为会算命又会下好咒语和坏咒语，人们相信女巫们的能力在10月31日这天会最强，所以让很多人很害怕她们。几世纪以来，女巫的形象改变许多，以前人们认为，女巫都是绿皮肤，长的很老，脸上布满皱纹。现在则很多人认为女巫的能力可以是邪恶或具有智慧的。Witcheswerethoughttobetellersoffortuneandtocastspells,bothgoodandbad.ThisfrightenedmanybecauseitwasbelievedthatthesepowerswerethestrongestonHalloweennight.Theimageofawitchhaschangedgreatlyoverthecenturies.Oncethoughttobeold,wrinkled,greenskinnedhags,manypeopleassociatewitchcrafttoeitherevilorasbeingwise.Broomsticks女巫和扫把形影不离已有几世纪之久，通常女巫会骑着扫把在夜晚飞行，而她们的同伴黑猫会坐在扫把的另一端陪着她们飞行．会什么女巫会和扫把形影不离呢？因为在万圣节那天，通常会下着雨，而女巫们需要用扫把扫掉地上的大水坑，或地上的积水以便行走。Witchesandbroomsticksgohandinhand.Theyhavebeenassociatedforcenturies.Often,witchesaredepictedridingthemacrossthenightskywithablackcatononeend.ItisbelievedthatbecauseHalloweenoccurredduringtherainyseason,womenusedtheirbroomstickstovaultoverlargepuddlesandtosweepwateroutoftheirpathswhilewalking.Thus,thetwobecameassociated.OWLSSuperstitionssuggestthatowlsatethesoulsofthedyingbyswoopingtoEarth.Owlsscreechesandtheirglassystareareanomenofdeathanddisaster.Theowlisrarelyseenduringthedayandisassociatedwithnightbehaviors.传说中，猫头鹰会从天空俯冲下来吃掉人的灵魂。猫头鹰的叫声和眼神让人联想到死亡和灾难。再者，猫头鹰很少在白天出现，也都让人不得不认为他们是属于黑暗和恐怖。BLACKCATSCats,forcenturies,havebeenconsideredtobespiritualanimalsthathavetheabilitytos