宾语从句讲解-练习及答案

宾语从句一、基本讲解1.概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg.Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(动词宾语)MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)2.连接词(1)陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。eg.Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.(2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg.Iwonderif/whetheruhavetoldthenewtoLiLei.注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。a.当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether不用ifeg.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepinic.b.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时，只用whether.eg.Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.Couldyoutellmewhethertogoornot?c.if当”如果”讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g.Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter\wrongwithyou?特殊情况：当doyouthink后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋doyouthink＋陈述句语序。3.宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：Doyouknow（if/whetherhehasseenthefilm）?b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：Ididn'tknow（if/whetherhehadseenthefilm.）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：Hesaid（thattheearthmovesroundthesun.）Theteachertoldus（thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.）4.人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：(一主二宾三不变)①“MayIuseyourknife？”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.②“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber？”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.b.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Whowillgiveusatalk?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow？Wheredoeshelive?→Doyouknowwherehelives?二、宾语从句的转化1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。例如：Idon'tknowwhichsweaterIshouldbuy.→Idon'tknowwhichsweatertobuy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell,show,teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepark?4.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。初中宾语从句专项习题巩固练习()1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave()2.Canyoutellme_________?A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives()3.Theoldmanaskedme________.A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinemaC.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema()4.Ithink_______youwilllikehim.A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how()5.Ididn’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how()6.Iwonder_________.A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescostC.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost()7.Sheaskedme_________.A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis()8.Askhim___.A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup()9.Idon’tknow_________.A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovieC.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts()10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong________.A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill()11.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________.A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrowC.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow()12.Doyouknow_________?A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisisC.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto()13.Couldyoutellmewhere_________?A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape()14.Theywanttoknow_________?A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyouC.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying()15.Tonywantedtoknow_________.A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstockingB.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingC.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingD.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking()16.Nooneknows___theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if()17.Julydidn’tknow_________.A.whereisTim’sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmadeC.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch()18.Noonetoldus_________,soweneedyourhelp.A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo()19.Wedon’tknow_________withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo()20.Heaskedme_________.A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoneyB.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoneyC.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundoutD.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney()21.Didyouhear______?A.whatdidIsayB.whatIsaidC.IsaidwhatD.whatIsay()22.Canyoutellme________?A.whichclassyouareinB.whichclassareyouinC.youareinwhichclassD.areyouinwhichclass()23.---Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_______?---Certainly.A.whencanIgettothestationB.IcangettowhichstationC.whichstationcanIgettoD.howIcangettothestation()24.Couldyoutellmewhere_______yesterday?A.didyougoB.yougoC.youhavegoneD.youwent()25.Tomaskedme________.A.whoseshirtwasthisB.whoseshirtthiswasC.whoshirtwasthisD.whoshirtthiswas()26.Excuseme,couldyoutellme_______?A.where’stheteachers’officeB.where’sthebusstationC.what’sshedoingD.wherethepostofficeis()27.IwanttoseeMrs.Wang,butIdon’tknow_______.A.sheliveswhereB.shewherelivesC.whereshelivesD.wheredoesshelive()28.---GoandaskMr