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1八年级上册英语语法、短语和知识点总结Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?本单元的话题:谈论假期活动内容,复习一般过去时。本单元的语法:1.复习一般过去时;2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。1.本单元出现的动词不规则过去式有:is\am--was是are--were是go--went去buy—bought买take--took拿走do\does—didfeed—fed喂see—saw看见eat—ate吃have\has—had有,吃feel—felt感觉ride—rode骑get—got到达,得到can—could能,会forget—forgot忘记drink—drank喝find—found找到2.不定代词和不定副词的用法:somebodyanyoneeverythingnowhere(疑问副词)不定代词和不定副词(1)左边的some、any、every、no与右边的body、one、thing构成不定代词,some、any、every、no与右边的疑问副词where构成不定副词;(2)一般情况下以some开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯定句,以any开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句;以no开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义(noone为两个单词);(3)不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时,形容词放在后面。Hehassomethingimportanttodo.他有重要的事情要做。(肯定句用something,形容词important放后)Didyoubuyanythingspecial?(一般疑问句用anything,形容词special放后)Didyougoanywhereinterestinglastmonth?上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗?(一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere,形容词interesting放后)(4)不定代词和不定副词做主语时,后面的动词用单数形式。Everoneisheretoday.今天每个人都在这里。本单元的短语和知识点:1.(P1,图片)goonvacation去度假gotothemountains上山/进山2.(P1,1a)stayathome呆在家gotothebeach去海滩visitmuseums参观博物馆gotosummercamp去夏令营3.(P2,2b)studyfortests为考试而学习\备考goout出去4.(P2,2d)quiteafew相当多,不少(后跟可数名词复数)Hehasquiteafewfriends.他有不少朋友;takephotos照相mostofthetime大部分时间5.(P3,语法表格3行)buysthforsb=buysbsth为某人买某物Mymotherboughtmeasweater=Mymotherboughtasweaterforme.我妈妈给我买了一件毛衣。6.(P3,语法表格4行)tastegood.尝起来很好taste(尝起来)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)为感官动词,后跟形容词Thefoodtastesdelicious.这食品尝起来非常可口。TheT-shirtlooksbeautiful.这件体恤衫看起来很漂亮。Thesongssoundbeautiful.这些歌曲听起来很优美。7.(P3,语法表格5行)haveagood\great\funtime过得高兴,玩得愉快(=enjoyoneself)Theyhadagoodtimeyesterday.=Theyenjoyedthemselvesyesterday.他们昨天玩得很开心。8.(P3,3a)goshopping去购物9.(P3,3b,4行)nothing…but+动词原形:除了……之外什么都没有Hehadnothingtodoathomebutreadyesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做。10.(P3,3b,5行)seemtodosth:好像…Iseemtoknowhim.我好像认识他。seem+(tobe)+形容词:看起来…Theworkseems(tobe)easy.这工作看起来很容易。11.(P3,3c)keepadiary记日记12.(P5,2b,1行)in+大地方:达到某地(getto+地方:达到某地)arriveat+小地方:达到某地(get的过去式为got)2HearrivedinBeijingyesterday.他昨天达到北京。若是arrive和get后跟home、there、here三个地点副词,后面的介词in\at\to必须去掉。Tomgothomeyesterdayevening=Tomarrivedhomeyesterdayevening.昨晚汤姆到家。13.(P5,2b,2行)decidetodosth:决定做某事Hedecidedtogohome.他决定回家。14.(P5,2b,3行)trydoingsth.尝试做某事trytodosth.尽力去做某事Theboytriedridingbicycle.这个小孩试着骑自行车Hetriedtohelptheoldman.他尽力帮助这个老年人。15.(P5,2b,4行)feellike给…的感觉;感受到16.(P5,2b,1段末行)inthepast在过去walkaround四处走走enjoydoingsth:喜欢做某事Heenjoysplayingbasketball.他喜欢打篮球。17.(P5,2b,2段1行)difference(名词,差异,差别)----different(形容词,不同的)18.(P5,2b,2段2行)startdoingsth:开始做某事(=starttodosth)Hestarteddoinghishomework.他开始做家庭作业。19.(P5,2b,2段3行)overanhour一个多小时(over超过,多余=morethan)20.(P5,2b,2段4行)toomany太多,后接可数名词复数。Motherboughttoomanyeggsyesterday.昨天妈妈买了很多鸡蛋。toomuch太多,后跟不可数名词,修饰动词作状语。Wehavetoomuchworktodo.我们有很多工作要做。Don’ttalktoomuch.不要说太多。muchtoo太,后跟形容词或副词Thehatismuchtoobigforme.这帽子对我来说太大。You’rewalkingmuchtoofast.你走地太快了。分辨三者的口诀:toomuch,muchtoo,用法区别看后头:much后接不可数,too后修饰形或副。toomany要记住,后面名词必复数。21.(P5,2b,2段6行)becauseof因为,后接名词、代词或动名词(即动词+ing),不能接句子。because因为,后跟句子。Hecan’tgotoschoolbecauseoftherain.他因为下雨没去上学。(rain为名词)Hewaslateforschoolbecauseofgettinguplate.他因为起晚而上学迟到。(get为动词)=Hewaslateforschoolbecausehegotuplate.Idon’tbuytheshirtbecauseitwastooexpensive.我没有买这件衬衣因为它太贵。22.(P5,2b,2段8行)enough(足够的)与名词连用,一般放在名词前Hehasenoughmoney.他有足够的钱。(money为名词)enough(足够的)与形容词或副词连用,enough放在后面。Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.(old为形容词)23.(P6,2d,倒数4行)doingsth.忘记已经做过某事(已经做完)forgettodosth.忘记去做某事(还未做)(forget的过去式为forgot)Don’tfogettoclosethedoor.不要忘记关上门。(门还未关)Heforgotclosingthedoor.他忘记已经关上门了。(门已经关上,但是他忘了)24.(P6,2e,5行)another+数字+可数名词单数或复数:额外多少某物Heateoneapple,hewantedanothertwoapples.他吃了一个苹果,还想再要两个。25.(P8,selfcheck,2,6行)so+形容词+that+句子:如此…以至于…too+形容词+todosth:太…以至于不能…形容词+enoughtodosth:足够…能够做某事(注意三个句型有时可以互换)Heissoyoungthathecan′tgotoschool.他如此年轻以至于不能去上学。=Heistooyoungtogotoschool.他太年轻以至于不能去上学。=Heisn′toldenoughtogotoschool.26.(P8,selfcheck,2,7行)tellsb(not)todosth:告诉某人(不要)做某事Mymotheroftentellsusnottoplayinthestreet.我的妈妈经常告诉我不要在街上玩。Unit2Howoftendoyouexercise?3本单元的话题:谈论生活习惯,复习一般现在时。本单元的语法:1.复习一般现在时;2.学习表示频率副词的用法。主要频率副词的等级排序:always(总是)usually(通常)often(经常)sometimes(有时)hardlyever(很少)never(从不)这些副词在句子中的位置,一般放在助动词、be动词或情态动词之后,行为(实义)动词之前。即:“行”前“助(系)”后。Peterisalwayslateforschool.Peter上学总是迟到。Iusuallydomyhomeworkintheevening.我通常在晚上做作业。提问always,sometimes,twiceaday等频率副词,用HowoftenIwatchTVeveryday.我每天都看电视→HowoftendoyouwatchTV?(你多长时间看一次电视?)本单元的短语和知识点:1.(P9,图片、1a)onweekends在周末gotothemovies去看电影helpwithhousework帮助做家务howoften多久一次hardlyever几乎从不2.(P10,2a至2d)2a:onceaweek每周一次twiceaweek每周两次everyday每天2c:usetheInternet用互联网2d:befree有空Areyoufreeonweekends?你周末有空吗?swingdance摇摆舞havedanceandpianolessons上舞蹈和钢琴课playtennis打网球Howabout…?…怎么样?/…好不好?(后跟名词\代词\V-ing)(用来提出意见或征求对方建议)Ilikeapples,howaboutyou?我喜欢苹果,你呢?(apple,名词,苹果)(howabout=whatabout)Howaboutgoingshoppingthisafternoon?今天下午去购物怎么样?(go为动词)3.(P11,语法表格)goshopping购物4.(P11,3b)afterschool放学后5.(P11,3a)stayuplate熬夜atleast至少gotobedearly早点睡觉playsports进行体育活动6.(P12,1b)wantsth:需要某物Hewantsanewpen.他想要一支新钢笔。wanttodosth:想做某事HewantstowatchTVafterschool.放学后他想去看电视。wantsbtodosth:让某人做某事Mymotherwantsmegetupearly.妈妈让我早起。7.(P12,1b)begoodfor对……有好处bebadfor对……有害处Swimmingisgoodforourhealth.游泳对我们的健康有好处。WatchingTVisbadforoureye
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