英语中倍数的表达方法及译法

英语中倍数的表达方法和译法表示倍数的词包括如下一些：times,数字+fold,(tenfold),bythefactorof数字，（bythefactorof4)倍数增加的句型集合1.BeNtimes有三种句型变体：Aisntimesasgreat（long，much，…）asB.Aisntimesgreater（longer，more，…）thanB.Aisntimesthesize（length，amount，…）ofB.组一句型翻译方法：A的大小（长度，数量，……）是B的n倍[或A比B大（长，多，……）n-1倍]注：当相比的对象B很明显时，than（as，of）B常被省去。2.IncreaseNtimes句型有三种变体：increasetontimesincreasentimes／n-foldincreasebyntimes/increasebyafactorofn都译为增加到N倍，或增加N-1倍注：在这类句型中increase常被raise，grow，go/stepup，multiply等词所替代。Increaseby句型翻译的证据这一结构产生误解的概率很高往往误译成比以前增加倍其实它和increaseNtimes和increasetoNtimes表达的倍数概念相同，应译为增加N-1倍。Broilersareparticularlysusceptibletostressasgeneticselectionplusbalancedfeedinghavesresultedinbirdsthatmayincreasetheirhatchingweight(40g.)byasmuchas45timesintenweeks(1800g,or3.7lb).另外,还要注意的是,表示“增加”用times或-。fold与用百分数或具体数值是有所不同的,增加的数值或百分数均表示净增量,例如:Populationhasincreasedby200%inthepast25years.人口在过去25年内增加了200%(即增加两倍)。itsoutputofcottonwentupby20percent.它的棉花产量增长了20%。3.Thereisan-foldincrease/growth…某物有N-1倍的增加或增长。Thereisathreefoldincreaseintheproductionofwheatthisyear.4.double(增加1倍)，treble[‘trebl]（增加2倍），quadruple[’kwɔdrupl]（增加3倍），quintuple[‘kwintjupl]（增加4倍）Theefficiencyofthemachineshasbeenmorethantrebledorquadrupled．这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。5.此外，英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法，如：1)Aisasmuch（large，long，…）againasB.（=Aistwiceasmuch（large，long，…）asB.应译为：A比B多（大，长，……）1倍2)Aishalfasmuch（large，1ong，…）againasB.【=Aisoneandahalftimesasmuch（large，1ong，…）asB.】（11）应译为:A比B多（大，长……）一半（即A是B的一倍半）。翻译练习1.Thisbookisthreetimesaslongasthatone.2.Thedictionaryisexactlyfivetimesmoreexpensivethanthatone.3.Thisbookisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.4.Theproductionofintegratedcircuits(集成电路）hasbeenincreasedtothreetimesascomparedwithlastyear.5.Thedrainvoltage（漏电压）hasbeenincreasedbyafactoroffour.6.Theoutputofchemicalfertilizerhasbeenraisedfivetimesasagainstl986．7.Iftheresistanceisdoubledwithoutchangingthevoltage,thecurrentbecomesonlyhalfstrong.8.Bytheendof2007,thenumberofmobilephoneusersinChinahastrebledthatin2003.9.EffortswillbemadetoquadrupletheGDPoftheyear2000by2020.10.Thissubstancereactsthreetimesasfastastheotherone.倍数的减少第一组：1.Aisntimesassmall（light，slow，…）asB.2.Aisntimessmaller（lighter，slower，…）thanBA的大小（重量，速度，……）是B的1/n[或A比B小（轻，慢，……）n-1/n]第二组：1.decreasentimes/n--fold2.decreasebyntimes3.decreasebyafactorofndecrease常被reduce，shorten，go／slowdown等词替代第三组：Thereisan-folddecrease/reduction…应译为：减至1/n[或：减少（n一1）/n]。Eg.Arapiddecreasebyafactorof7wasobserved．发现迅速减少到1/7。Joggingcanmakethepossibilityofcatchingaheartdiseasedecreaseby3times.Joggingcanmakeonethreetimeslesslikelytosufferfromaheartdisease.都译成减少到三分之一，即减少了三分之二。翻译练习1.Thehydrogenatomisnearlyl6timesaslightastheoxygenatom.2.Thissortofmembrane(薄膜）istwicethinnerthanordinarypaper.3.Whenthevoltageissteppedupbytentimes，thestrengthofthecurrentissteppeddownbytentimes.4.Theprincipaladvantageoftheproductsisatwo-foldreductioninweight.5.Thecostofthenewbuildingmaterialdecreasedbythreetimes.6.Thenewconstructionequipmentwillshortenthreetimestheconstructionperiod.7.Byusingthisnewprocess，thelossofheatenergywasreducedbyafactorof3.8.Ifyoutreblethedistance,thegravitationalattractiongetsninetimesweaker.