The-Classical-Gardens-of-Suzhou

•09生物技术朱佳琪Introduction•AChineseproverbsaysJiangnan,anareabythesouthernYangtzeRiver,hastheworld’sbestgardens,andthebestamongthemcanbefoundinSuzhou.UnlikeBeijing’svast,maze-like（迷宫一样的）imperialgardens,Suzhou’saresmallandbeganasprivategardens.Theirstructuresanddesignshaveinfluencedarchitectureinotherpartsofthecity.History•Withhistoryofover2,500years,SuzhouCityisworld-renowned（著名的）foritsclassicgardens.ThefirstgardeninSuzhoubelongedtotheemperorofWuStateinSpringandAutumnPeriod(600BC).Thefirstprivategardenwasbuiltinthe4thcenturyofEasternJinDynasty.History•Sincethen,therichwereinterestedinbuildinggardens.InMingandQingdynasties,SuzhouCitywasoneofthemostprosperousandtheprivategardenscanbefoundinsideandoutsidecity.Characters•GardensinSuzhouwerebuiltaccordingtothestyleofChinesePaintings.EveryviewinagardencanbeseenasapieceofChinesePaintingandthewholegardenisahugepieceofpainting.SoSuzhouCityhasbeenpraisedas“theparadise（天堂）onearth”sinceancienttime.Characters•Laidoutwithinlimitedareabythehouse,agardenofSuzhouisamicrocosmoftheworldmadeofthebasicelementsofwaters,stones,plantsanddifferentbuildingwithliteraryallusions.Thegardensofvariousdynastiestakeontheirownindividualcharacter.•Accordingtohistoricalrecords,thereweremorethan200gardensinsideSuzhoucityandthePavilionoftheSurgingWaves,theLionCaveGrove,theHumbleAdministrator’sGardenandLingeringGardenrespectivelyreflectgardeningartinSong,Yuan,MingandQingdynastiesandtheyareallwell-preserved.Thesefourgardenshaveareputationof“theFourMostFamousGardensinSuzhou”.HumbleAdministrator’sGarden（拙政园）•TheHumbleAdministrator’sGardenranksthefirstamongthegardensofSuzhou.ItfirstwasthehouseofLuGuimeng（陆龟蒙）,apoetinTangDynastyandthenWangXiancheng（王献臣）,governmentofficialinMingDynastyreturnedhereandbegantobuildhousesandplanttrees.HumbleAdministrator’sGarden•Today’sgardenisonlyverylooselyrelatedtoitsoriginalversionwithnumerouspavilionsandbridgesconnectedpoolsandislands.Thewholegardenscanbeseparatedintothreesections.HumbleAdministrator’sGarden•TheeasternpartwasrebuiltonitsoriginalbuildingafterthefoundofPeople’sRepublicofChina.ThemainbuildingsincludeOrchidSnowHall（蓝雪堂）,WatersideLotusPavilion（芙蓉榭）,HeavenlySpringPavilion（天泉亭）andBird’sEyeViewPavilion（放眼亭）.东园——涵青亭东园——秫香馆芙蓉榭天泉亭HumbleAdministrator’sGarden•Inthecenterofthecentralpartisapoolwhichissurroundedbystones,treesandpavilions.Inthenorthernpartisalotuspoolonwhichpavilionsandtreesreflect.中园PavilionofSurgingWaves（沧浪亭）•ThePavilionofSurgingWavesinthesouthofSuzhouwasoncethevillaofgovernmentofficial.AnditwasreestablishedastheresidenceofHanShizhong（韩世忠—抗金英雄）,aleaderofarmyinearlyNanSongDynasty.PavilionofSurgingWaves•ItsnamecamefromthepoetSuShunqin（苏舜钦）whowrotethat:“IfthewateroftheTsangriverisclean,Iwraththeribbonsofmyofficialhatinit;ifitisdirty,Iwashmyfeet”（沧浪之水清兮，可以濯吾缨；沧浪之水浊兮，可以濯吾足）.LingeringGarden（留园）•TheLingeringGarden,ontheotherhand,demonstratesacompactlayoutandadelicatedecorativeart.BuiltintheMingDynasty,itwasrenovated（翻新）andexpandedintheearly19thcenturyduringtheQingDynastytocoveranareaof3.3hectares（公顷）asweseeittoday.LingeringGarden•Thegardenisdividedintofoursections:artificialhillsinthewest,pastoralsceneryinthenorth,hallandpavilionstructuresintheeastandhillsandwatersatthecenter.Awindingcorridorofover1,000meterslinksthem.雨过天晴图八角亭LionCaveGrove（狮子林）•TheLionCaveGrovewasbuiltbyamonkinYuanDynastytocommemoratehismaster.ItwasfirstcalledPutiZhengzongTemple（普提正宗寺）.Manyqueerstonestaketheshapeoflionhencethename.