托福语法(名词性从句)

TOFELGRAMMARNounClause本节目标名词性从句学习掌握并运用主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句简单句VS.复合句简单句复合句Theideaisridiculous.Thattheearthisroundisridiculous.Hetoldmethetruth.Hetoldmethattheearthisround.Mytheoryisajoke.Mytheoryisthattheearthisround.Themagazine,NationalGeography,tellsusthecommonknowledge.Themagazine,NationalGeography,tellsusthecommonknowledge.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------名词性从句–四种成分Φ在英文中，名词或名词短语主要充当四种成分：主语、宾语、表语和同位语（见上表第一列）。Φ如果我们把句子当做名词来用，分别在另一个句子中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语（见上表第二列），于是构成了四种从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。Φ因为这四种从句在本质上相当于名词的作用，所以我们把它们统称为名词性从句。名词性从句–三种句子¤Thattheearthisroundisafact.¤Myquestioniswhetherpeoplewillliveonthemoonsomeday.¤Scientistshavearguedoverthequestionwhetherthereislifeonotherplanets.¤Idon’tknowhowmanylettersthereareintheEnglishalphabet.陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句名词性从句–本质¤Thattheearthisroundisafact.(Theearthisround.)¤Myquestioniswhetherpeoplewillliveonthemoonsomeday.(Willpeopleliveonthemoonsomeday?)¤Scientistshavearguedoverthequestionwhetherthereislifeonotherplanets.(Istherelifeonotherplanets?)¤Idon’tknowhowmanylettersthereareintheEnglishalphabet.(HowmanylettersarethereintheEnglishalphabet?)陈述句变名词性从句–主语从句Hedoesn’tunderstandEnglish.很显然他不懂英语。Thathedoesn’tunderstandEnglishisobvious.月球本身不发光这是一个常识。Thatthemoonitselfdoesnotgiveofflightiscommonknowledge.地球是圆的，这是真理。Thattheearthisroundisatruth.原则在陈述句句首加上that，然后把“that+陈述句”这一结构分别放在另一个句子的四种位置即构成了四种名词从句。it作形式主语为避免头重脚轻，常常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将主语从句放在句尾。很显然他不懂英语。Itisobviousthathedoesn’tunderstandEnglish.月球本身不发光这是一个常识。Itiscommonknowledgethatthemoonitselfdoesnotgiveofflight.地球是圆的，这是真理。Itisatruththattheearthisround.你没通过这次考试真遗憾。Itisashame/pitythatyoudidnotpassthetest.常见的主语从句句型–it作形式主语Itis+过去分词+that从句：•It’sreportedthat…据报道。。。•It’sbelievedthat…人们相信。。。•It’sgenerallythoughtthat…人们普遍认为。。。•Itshouldbenotedthat…应当注意。。。•Ithasbeenfoundthat…现已发现。。。•Itmustbepointedoutthat…必须指出。。。•同样可以这么用的词有:say,expect,know,estimate,forecast等。常见的主语从句句型–it作形式主语Itis+形容词+that从句：•Itisclearthat…显然。。。•Itispossible/likelythat…很可能。。。•Itisnaturalthat…很自然。。。•Itiscertainthat…可以相信。。。•Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是。。。•Itisfortunatethat…幸运的是。。。•Itisnecessarythat…有必要的是。。。常见的主语从句句型–it作形式主语Itis+名词短语+that从句：apity,ashame,anhonor,agoodidea,nowonder,etc.•Itisapitythat…可惜的是。。。•Itisafactthat…事实是。。。•Itisgoodnewsthat…。。。真是太好了。•Itisagoodthingthat…。。。真是件好事。•Itisnowonderthat…难怪。。。•Itisashamethat…遗憾的是；。。。真是太不像话了•Itisanhonorthat…真荣幸。。。•Itiscommonknowledgethat…。。。是常识。•Itismybeliefthat…我相信。。。•Itisamiraclethat…。。。真是奇迹。练习时间^_^将下列句子改写成it作主语的句子Thatsmokingcancausecanceristrue.ThatLucyfailedhisEnglishexamwasashame.Thathehasbeenlateforworkoverandoveragainisaseriousmatter.Thatthelittlebabysurvivedundersuchbadconditionswasamiracle.陈述句变名词性从句–宾语从句我认为你是对的。Ithink(that)youareright.我们知道地球是圆的。Weknow(that)theearthisround.我认为扎实的语法功底对英文写作很重要。Ithink(that)asoundknowledgeofgrammarisessentialtogoodwriting.在陈述句句首加上that，然后把“that+陈述句”这一结构分别放在另一个句子的四种位置即构成了四种名词从句。原则陈述句变名词性从句–表语从句我认为这个孩子应该送到学校去上学。Myideaisthatthechildshouldbesenttoschool.困难在于我们缺乏资金。Thetroubleisthatweareshortoffunds.在陈述句句首加上that，然后把“that+陈述句”这一结构分别放在另一个句子的四种位置即构成了四种名词从句。原则陈述句变名词性从句–宾语从句他实验取得成功，这让大家很高兴。Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.有人曾谣传Tom是小偷，结果证明是不对的。TherumorthatTomwasathiefturnedouttobeuntrue.她到处散布谣言说他犯有盗窃罪。Shespreadthelieeverywherethathewasguiltyoftheft.在陈述句句首加上that，然后把“that+陈述句”这一结构分别放在另一个句子的四种位置即构成了四种名词从句。一般疑问句变名词性从句–主语从句I.主语从句•他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。(1)他们是否会支持我们?变正常语序Wouldtheysupportus?Theywouldsupportus.(2)whether或if来引导Whethertheywouldsupportus...(3)()还是一个问题Whethertheywouldsupportusis/remainsaquestion.Itis/remainsaquestionwhethertheywouldsupportus.一般疑问句变成陈述句，并且用whether或if来引导。原则一般疑问句变名词性从句–宾/表/同位语从句II.宾语从句我不清楚他是否需要我的帮助。Idon’tknowif/whetherheneedsmyhelp.III.表语从句我关心的是他到底来不来。Myconcerniswhetherhecomesornot.IV.同位语从句他们面临是否该继续干下去这个问题。Theyarefacedwiththeproblemwhethertheyshouldcontinuetowork.一般疑问句变成陈述句，并且用whether或if来引导。原则一般疑问句变名词性从句–if还是whether?(1)if一般只用于引导宾语从句，而whether可引导包括宾语从句在内的其他名词从句(2)当出现…ornot时，一般只用whether…ornot，而不用if填空：a.()hecomesornotmakesnodifference.b.Thequestionis()hewillcome.c.Idon’tcare()heishandsome.d.Thequestion()weshouldcallinaspecialistwasansweredbythefamilydoctor.答案:Whether:a.b.dif:c练习时间^_^将括号里的疑问词变成名词性从句______remainsuncertain.(Shallwehavethematch?)Iwonder_______.(Shouldwewaitforhim?)Nooneknowsexactly______.(Istherelifeonotherplanets?)Myquestionis______.(Dowehaveenoughtimetogotothemovie?)Doyouknow______.(Doessoundtravelfasterthanlight?)特殊疑问句变名词性从句–原则判断正误：A.Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.B.Ihavenoideawhenwillhereturn.A.Whyherefusedtocooperatewithusisstillamystery.B.Whydidherefusetocooperatewithusisstillamystery.特殊疑问句变成陈述语序,然后将变成正常语序的特殊疑问句分别放在另一个句子的四种位置即构成了四种名词从句。原则特殊疑问句变名词性从句–主语从句I.主语从句•他告诉你的是真的。Whathetoldyouistrue.•由谁来主持会议尚未决定。Whowillchairthemeetinghasnotyetbeendecided.•何时举行会议还没决定。Whenthemeetingistobeheldhasnotyetbeendecided.特殊疑问句变成陈述语序,然后将变成正常语序的特殊疑问句分别放在另一个句子的四种位置即构成了四种名词从句。原则特殊疑问句变名词性从句–宾语从句I.宾语从句•我还没决定投票给谁。•IhavenotdecidedwhomIshouldvotefor.•你能告诉我邮局在哪儿吗？•Couldyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?•我们不知道他为什么昨天没来。•Wedidn’tknowwhyhedidnotcom