雅思阅读-list-of-heading

雅思阅读第二讲－Listofheadings题例：剑4－4Tipsonlistofheadings题目出现在文章前，要特别注意不要漏做每个标题只用一次标题多于选项，拿不准一个选项先标上多个标题，有空再细看示例中已经选过的段落直接划掉不看，节约时间英文文章结构学术类多为议论说明文多常采用线条清晰而简单的文章结构：总分式：开头论点＋论据或说明＋结尾重申Topicsentencesupportingideas,examplesRepitition/suggestionLocationoftopicsentence:80%首句，15%末句，5%左右在中间）实例：主题句与支持句Inagrowingnumberofhotelsandskyscrapersacrossthenation,steelwallshavereplacedthefoot-thickbrickandmortarwallsonceused.Testsshowthatasteelwallfourinchesthickhasbetterinsulatingqualitiesthana12-inchthicknessofmasonry.Inaddition,steel-curtainwallpanelssavebothtimeandlabor.Andthefloorspaceconservedbyuseofthethinwallasagainstthethickwallinabigofficebuildingcanmeanacoupleofhundreddollarsayearinrentals.Topicsentence:Inagrowingnumberofhotelsandskyscrapersusesteelwallsinsteadofbrick-and-mortarwalls.Supportingideas:1)Asteelwallhasbetterinsulatingproperties.2)Steelwallpanelssavetimeandlabor.3)Asteelwallconservesfloorspace.解题步骤The1st,2nd&theLastSentencesTopicSentenceMostsuitableHeadingKeywordsofHeadings推理具体内容解题侧重点选项着手:抓住每个heading中的KEYWORDS文章着手:抓住文章每段的主题句无主题句者，需要你从共性的东西中总结推断，可重点关注段落中的重复字眼注意改写现象Headings是原文主题的浓缩改写文章中更具体，选项更概括,更抽象Headings中的关键词可能在原文中会以改写的方式出现主题句非固定特征主题句（需要你细读）1.包含性最强的句子2.转折、递进式的句子a.But/however等之后的句子b.Although,inspiteof,despite的主句3.表结论、推断等sbbelieve/hold/imply/suggest等引导的宾从4.表定义Aisdefinedas…Aisknownas…Ais…Namely/Thatis…Thisis…非主题句特征非主题句（需要略过）1.举例2.包含细节的句子3.问句4.从句主题句的常规特征Feature:1.某特定单词反复出现2.以指代词形式出现3.以同义词/近义词/同类词的形式出现1.某特定单词反复出现Animalscanmovefromplacetoplace,butplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattack,itcanrunawayorfightback.Plantscertainlycannotrunaway,andtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.plantsPlantsplants2.以指代词形式出现Tropicalfisharebecomingincreasinglypopular.Variedincolor,theyaredecorativeforhomes,officesandevenstorewindows.Therisingofsuchfishisrecommendedasarelaxinghobbyforpeopleinjobsinvolvingmuchtension.Manyhobbyistshavemademoneybybreedingthosefishvarietiesforwhichthereisaspecialdemand.Tropicalfisharebecomingincreasinglypopular.Variedincolor,theyaredecorativeforhomes,officesandevenstorewindows.Therisingofsuchfishisrecommendedasarelaxinghobbyforpeopleinjobsinvolvingmuchtension.Manyhobbyistshavemademoneybybreedingthosefishvarietiesforwhichthereisaspecialdemand.3.以同义词/近义词/同类词形式出现SydneyishometothestateArtGalleryofNewSouthWales,theSateConservatoriumofMusic,theAustralianOpera,theSydneyDanceCompany,andtheAustralianBallet.Theworld-classSydneySymphonyOrchestraoffersgreatclassicalmusicallyearround.Localtheatreiscreativeandwellsupported,andlarge-scaleoverseasproductionstourregularly.SydneyishometothestateArtGalleryofNewSouthWales,theSateConservatoriumofMusic,theAustralianOpera,theSydneyDanceCompany,andtheAustralianBallet.Theworld-classSydneySymphonyOrchestraoffersgreatclassicalmusicallyearround.Localtheatreiscreativeandwellsupported,andlarge-scaleoverseasproductionstourregularly.特例：notopicsentence某些段落主题句不明显，是一系列细节的罗列，此时需要归纳出它们所属的类别。ParagraphC:Thereisatoasteroven,ablender,andacanopenerononecounter.Ihaveamicrowaveovenonanother.Inmycupboard,youcanfindamixerandahotairpopcornpopper.Onthefarsideofthekitchen,thereisacoffeemachineandcoffeegrinder.Heading4kitchenutensilsHintsfromwordsintheheadings1.wordssignifyingthebeginningofapassage2.wordssignifyingtheendofapassage1.wordssignifyingthebeginning（1）名词+of+文章主标题concept,conception,introduction,definition,explanation,notion,core,essence,justification,view/mainidea/demonstration/orientation/initiation,whatis+文章主标题（2）动词+文章主标题define,justify（3）形容词+名词+of+文章主标题basic,intrinsic,fundamental+factors/elementsof+topic2.wordssignifyingtheendingeffect(affect),impact,consequenceresult,generalization(概括),conclusion,summary/aftermath/anticipationprospect/vision(前景)+文章的TOPICExercisesonheadingPleaseidentifythebestheadingforeachparagraphaccordingtowhatyouread.无主题句，都是细节主题句为第一句Ais…首句非主题句，此段中心只能推断，根据句子间的逻辑关系Practice1Answer:ivAnswer:iAnswer:iiiAnswer:vPractice2Answer:iiiAnswer:iAnswer:ivAnswer:viPractice3-C7T2P3Answer:viAnswer:iiAnswer:vAnswer:xAnswer:i