08考研英语知识点答疑之阅读新题型例题分析(1)

2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创1/708考研英语知识点答疑之阅读新题型例题分析(1)万学海文英语知识点答疑之阅读理解新题型例题分析阅读理解新题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。我们以XX年大纲所附样题为例，概括地分析一下此类题型的命题特点及解题思路。partbdirections:inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.forquestions41~45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist［a］~［g］tofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.markyouranswersonanswersheet1.(10points)longbeforemanlivedontheearth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhave2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创2/7nodescendantsalivenow.(41).veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.thekindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginalland,oftenoftheplantsthatGREwonit,andevenofitsclimate.(42).nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocksformedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichweknownothing.(43).therewerealsocrab-likecreatures,whosebodieswerecoveredwithahornysubstance.thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepairforwalkingonthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.(44).ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.theyhaveashellcomposedofmany2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创3/7chambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.thousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksonthedorsetcoast.(45).about75millionyearsagotheageofreptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.manyofthelatermammals,thoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.［a］theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.［b］nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthemBECausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.fromthem,wecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.［c］thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.about300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创4/7theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.［d］thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.［e］theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesea-lilies,relationsofthestar-fishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.［f］whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredbymud.iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.［g］manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsare2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创5/7preservedinrocks.remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.解题思路：本文文章部分共332字，备选答案部分字数为317字，总数达649字。阅读如此长的文章并做对题，要求考生具有较强的阅读理解能力，掌握正确的阅读方法。首先，通篇略读原文，把握要点词句(文中黑斜体部分为要点词句，以下同)，以便对文章主旨、各段基本主题以及逻辑结构获得一个概括性了解。第一段指出：在人类出现很早以前，地球上就出现了鱼类、爬行动物、鸟类和一些哺乳动物(这是对全文的一个概述，点出本文的话题)。虽然这些动物有一些是现今生活着的各种动物的祖先，但是另一些动物现在已经灭绝了，即它们现在已经没有活着的后代了。第二句是个表示让步关系的句子，重点是主句部分：othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow，而thatis表明theyhavenodescendantsalivenow是同位语结构，因此本段要点词语为othersarenowextinct。这为回答第41题从意思和逻辑上都提供了主要依据。第二段首句指出：偶尔根据石头里所显示出来的印记，2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创6/7我们可以合理地推断出几百万年前灭绝了的某种动物的准确形状，尽管不能确定其颜色。此句前后是因果关系，提到了rocks，结果是sothat…wecanbuildup…picture。后面又接着讲rocksinwhichtheremainsarefound。由此可知，这些是本段的要点词语。第三段中已知信息是：我们所知道的所有化石几乎都是由于水的作用而被保存在了石头中，而且大多都是生活在水里或水边的动物。因此，肯定存在过许多我们一无所知的哺乳动物、鸟类和昆虫类。空白后第一句是个并列句，主语分别是nearlyallofthefossils和mostofthese(thefossils)，而且都与wateraction有关。这为回答第42题提供了主要线索。第四段中提供的信息是：还有像螃蟹一样的动物，其身体表面是一层角状物。接下来此段详细介绍了这类动物的外貌特征。此处要点词语是also和crab-likecreatures，说明上一句也在描述某种海生物。这为回答第43题提供了主要线索。第五段空白后第一句中有指代词ofthese，these必定指代前文提到的复数名词。紧接着提到的ammonites是“这些贝壳类动物”的一种。后面有对它的描述：ammonites非常有趣而又很重要。它们身体上有个由许多腔室构成的硬壳(shell)，每个腔室都代表着这个动物的临时住所。这样，2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创7/7上一句提到的自然应该与贝壳类动物有关，为回答第44题提供了线索。