中国文化概况-Chapter-7

Chapter7SportsAGlimpseofChineseCulture本章教学的目的1.中国传统健身活动;2.奥运会的概况;3.中国优秀体育项目。本章教学的重难点1.中国传统健身活动介绍；2.中国与奥林匹克；3.讨论：政府如何加强全民健身运动。本章教学的时间安排教师课堂讲解(60minutes)1.TraditionalPhysicalCulture(30minutes)2.TheOlympicsandChina(10minutes)3.China’sOutstandingCompetitiveSports(20minutes)讨论(10minutes)学生课间展示(30minutes)TraditionalPhysicalCultureSportinancienttimesEthnicSportTraditionalphysicalactivitiesNationalphysicalfitnessSportinancienttimesAsanimportantpartofpopularculture,sportsinChinabegantotakerealshapeduringtheQin,HanandThreeKingdomsperiods.SportingimageshavebeenrecordedovertheDynastiesbysepulchral(坟墓的)muralpaintings,stonepaintings(岩画),brickpaintings(画像砖),potteryfigurines(人物像)andpoems.equestrianpolo击鞠DuringtheTangDynasty,equestrianpolowaspopularinthepalace,thearmyandamongthemenofliterati(文人墨客).Cuju蹴鞠Cuju(蹴鞠)wassopopularintheSongDynastythateveryonefromtheemperortoordinarypeopleparticipatedinit.Chuiwan垂丸IntheYuanDynasty,peoplelikeplayingagamecalledChuiwan,whichissimilartogolfasshowninthemuralHittingBalls.EthnicSportWitharound1,000kindsofEthnicsports,someofthemorewellknownonesareMongolianwrestling,horsemanship(马术)andarchery;Huikickingtheshuttlecock(毽球)andthetug-of-war(拔河);Tibetanyak(牦牛)racing;Miaoswinginganddragon-boatracing;Zhuangthrowingofcoloredsilkballs(抛绣球);Koreanswingingandsee-sawingjumping(跳板);Manchuskating;Dongwalkingonstilts(踩高跷);Yaowhippingtops(打陀螺).TraditionalPhysicalActivitiesMartialarts(Wushu武术)DistinguishedChineseMartialArtsMartialartsWushuisalsocalledKongfu.AccordingtotheformationofChinesecharacters,武(wu)ismadeupof止and戈.Theformermeans“stop”whilethelatermeans“dagger-axe”or“anykindofweapon”.Thecombinationofthetwomeansstoppingmartialactions.With术(shu),whichmeansstrategies,together,thetermmeans“usingmethodsandskillstostopmartialactionsandactivities”.Anothermeaningofthiswordisthemartialactivitiesbetweentwopeopleortwogroupswiththeweapons.ModernmartialartsconsistoffivecategoriesBoxingWeaponexercisesSparringexercisesActualcombatTeamworkBoxingshadowboxing(太极拳)WeaponexercisesSparringexercisesTeamworkDistinguishedChineseMartialArtsShaolinBoxingItistherepresentativeboxingstyleoftheLongBoxing.Characterizedbysturdiness(坚定),fastattacks,andcoordinated(协调的)forwardandbackwardmoves.Itsserialmovesaremostlyshortandstraight.ShadowboxingAschoolofChinesepopularmartialartsmarkedforslowandgentlemovementsthataredesignedfordefense,strengtheningofphysiqueandpreventionofdiseases.Qigong,alsocalleddeepbreathingexercises,ispracticedbytheChineseonaregularbasistokeepfit.Literally“qi”means“air”implying“lifeforce”.Thepurposeofqigongistocoordinatethehealthofthemindandbody.Five-animalexercisesThe“five-animalexercises”isasetofhealthbuildingexerciseimitatingthemovementsoffiveanimals—tiger,deer,bear,apeandbird.It’saphysicalexercisescombinedwithqigongandwasinitiatedbyHuaTuo.NationalphysicalfitnessTherearemanygymnasiumsandstadiumsacrossChina,mostofthemareopentoandwidelyusedbythegeneralpublic.Body-buildingequipmentcanbefoundeverywhereinthecommunitiesoranypublicplaces.Similarly,thereisagrowingtrendforpeopletoengageintheirownwaystokeepfit.DragonboatracingDragonboatracingisanactivityheldeachyearduringtheDragonBoatFestivalinmanyplacesalongriversandonthecoasttoday.ThisisanancientChinesesport,veryengagingandcolorful,wherelargeboatswithupto20paddlersraceagainsteachother.Thepaddlerswillrowandstroketogether,followingtherhythmicaldrumbeats.DragonandliondanceDragonandliondanceisnotonlyapopularpartoftraditionalfestivalsheldthroughoutChina,butisalsoacompetitivesport.Incompetition,thedancersarerequiredtoperformsetmartial-arts-styletechnicalmovementsandcompetebyclimbingaframeandtryingtowinhonorbyseizinganobjectonthetop.KiteFlyingKiteFlyingisatraditionalChinesepastime,withmillionsofparticipantsacrossthenation.Asasport,itbecameanofficialeventin1991.TheWeifangInternationalKiteFestivalisakitecompetitionandexhibitionthatattractstensofthousandsofparticipantsfromallovertheworld.YanggeYanggeisatraditionaldanceaccompaniedbyrhythmicfolkmusicorsinging,withthedancersdressedincostumesandholdingfansorhandkerchiefs.ItisverypopularinmanyareasofnorthernChinaandamongthemiddle-agedandelderly.HorseracingHorseracingisessentialtothelifestyleofmanyethnicgroups,especiallyintheareasofInnerMongolia,Xinjiang,Tibet,Qinghai,Gansu,Yunnan,GuizhouandSichuan.Theprairies(草原)inthoseareasprovidenaturalfieldsforhorseracing.Thereareregionalvariationsandthetypesofcompetitionarediverse.Tug-of-War(拔河)Tug-of-Warisatraditionalgameinwhichmanyethnicgroupsparticipatewithvigor.Today,itispopularatsport.Inthegametwoteamsequalinnumbertugonoppositeendsofaropeandeachtrytopullthecentralmarkontheropeacrossalineontoitsside.Thegameprovidesanentertaininghighlightandcausesconsiderablegood-naturedamusement.Theteamthatwinsdoessothroughstrengthandthespiritofcooperation.RopeSkipping(跳绳)RopeSkipping(跳绳)isafunsportforbothchildrenandadults.Withsimplyarope,peoplehaveinventedmanywaystoplayandcompete.Askilledpersoncanturntheropemanytimesinquicksuccessionwhilekeepinghisorherfeetoffthegroun