中国文化概况-chapter-8

Chapter8TraditionalFestivalsAGlimpseofChineseCulture本章教学的目的1.介绍中国传统节日;2.了解少数民族传统节日;3.思考中国传统节日的传承和保护。本章教学的重难点1.中国主要传统节日；2.学生叙述节日起源；3.讨论中国传统文化的传承和保护；本章教学的时间安排教师课堂讲解(60minutes)1.Chinesemajortraditionalfestivals(40minutes)2.Othertraditionalfestivals(10minutes)3.Ethnicfestivals(10minutes)讨论(10minues)学生课件展示(30minutes)ChineseMajorTraditionalFestivalsSpringFestival;LanternFestival;QingmingFestival,;DragonBoatFestival,;Mid-AutumnFestival;DoubleNinthFestival.SpringFestivalChina’smostimportantfestivalfallsonthe1stdayofthe1stlunarmontheachyear.FamilymembersgatherjustastheydoforChristmasintheWest.Infact,withsomanypeoplereturninghome,itisthebusiesttimefortransportationsystems.ItsOriginSpringFestivalisalsocalledguonian,whichmeanskeepingthemonsterNianaway.TherearemanylegendsabouttheoriginofNian.ApopularlegendfromancienttimesdescribedNianasafiercemonsterresemblingabullwithalion’shead.Duringwinter,whenfoodwasscarceNianwouldleavehismountainlair(兽穴)toeatlocalvillagersordrivethemfromtheirhomes.TelltheStoryofNian(student)PreliminaryYear(Xiaonian)The23rddayofthe12thlunarmonthisPreliminaryYear.SacrificesareofferedtotheKitchenGodwithfamiliessharingdeliciousfoodfollowedbypreparationsforthecomingSpringFestival.Foods,decorations,newclothesandshoesforchildrenaswellasgiftsfortheelderly,friendsandrelativesareprepared.Housesarethoroughlycleaned.SpringFestivalCoupletsTheseareChinesegoodluckproverbsonredpaper,oftenwithgoldentrimmingandareusuallyabouthappiness,wealth,longevity,andasatisfactorymarriage,includingmorechildren.SpringFestivalEveHousesarebrightlylitandalargesumptuousfamilydinnerisserved.Dishessuchaschicken,fishandtofumustbeincluded,forinChinese,theirpronunciations,respectivelyJi,yuanddoufu,mean“auspicious,abundantandblessed”.Niangaomeans“higherandhigher,oneyearafteranother.”Jiaozi,ordumpling,means“biddingfarewelltotheoldandusheringinthenew”(辞旧迎新)TheSpringFestivalGalaInrecentyears,theSpringFestivalGala,broadcastonChinaCentralTelevisionStation(CCTV),lasting5to6hourshasbeenanessentialentertainmentfortheChinesebothathomeandabroad.NewYearDuringthefirstfivedaysoftheSpringFestival,relatives,friends,classmatesandcolleaguesexchangegreetingsandgiftsbyvisiting,callingorsendingmessages.Telephoneslinesandcablesarebusilyengagedonthesedays.LanternFestivalTheLanternFestival,celebratedonthe15thdayofthefirstlunarmonth,iscloselyrelatedtotheSpringFestival.ItmarkstheendoftheNewYearcelebrations,followingwhichlifereturnstonormal.ThemostprominentactivityoftheLanternFestivalisthegranddisplayofbeautifullanterns.GuessingRiddlesGuessingriddlespastedontolanternsisaLanternFestivaltraditionfromtheSongDynasty.Visitorswhosolveariddlemaygetprizes.YuanxiaoAlsocalledtangyuan.Theyaresmalldumplingballsmadeofglutinousriceflourwithsesame(芝麻),beanpaste,jujubepaste(枣泥),walnutmeat(核桃肉),driedfruit,orsugarandedibleoilasfilling.What'smore,tangyuaninChinesehasasimilarpronunciationto“tuanyuan”,meaningreunion.QingmingFestivalTheQingmingFestival(orPureBrightnessFestival)isadayformourning(哀悼)thedead.Itisoneofthe24seasonaldivisionpoints(二十四节气划分)inthelunarcalendar,fallingonApril4th-6theachyear.Afterthefestival,thetemperaturerisesandrainfallincreasesinreadinessforspringplowing(春耕)andsowing.HanshiDay(寒食)HanshiDay(orColdFoodDay)isthedaybeforeQingmingFestival,whennofireorsmokeisallowedandpeopleonlyeatcoldfood.寒食[唐]韩翃春城无处不飞花，寒食东风御柳斜。日暮汉官传蜡烛，轻烟散入五侯家。TelltheStoryofJieZitui(student)ARiversideSceneatQingmingFestivalZhangZeduan(张择端)oftheSongDynastyproducedoneofChina’smostfamousworksofart:ARiversideSceneatQingmingFestival.Therearemorethan500peopleinthepainting,aswellasscoresof(许多)differentanimals,carriagesandsedanchairs(轿子),andbridgesandboats.Itisavividrecordofthefestivitiesandhustleandbustle(熙熙攘攘)oftheQingmingFestival.DragonBoatFestivalTheDragonBoatFestivalfallsonthe5thdayofthe5thlunarmonth.TelltheStoryofItsOrigin(student)DragonBoatRacingDragonBoatRacingCompetitionisanindispensablepartofthefestival,heldalloverthecountry.Teamsindragon-shapedboatsrowintimetothebeatofrapiddrums.Mid-AutumnFestivalTheMid-AutumnFestivalfallsonthe15thdayofthe8thlunarmonth,usuallyinOctober.TheroundshapetoaChinesemeansfamilyreunion,thereforetheMid-AutumnFestivalismostromanticizedinChinaasadayoffamilyreunionandafestivalwithfriends.TelltheStoryofItsOrigin(student)AppreciationofSomeFamousLinesIraisedmyhead,thesplendidmoonIsee;Thendroopmyheadandsinktodreamsofmyhometown.(举头望明月，低头思故乡)Myonewishforyou,then,islonglife;Andashareinthisloveliness(themoon)far,faraway.(但愿人长久，千里共婵娟)DoubleNinthFestivalTheDoubleNinthFestivalorChongyangFestivaliscelebratedonthe9thdayofthe9thlunarmonth.ItusuallyfallsinOctober.DoubleNinthFestivalcanalsobecalledHeightAscendingFestival(登高节)whenpeoplecustomarilyclimbmountainsortowers,bringingalongchrysanthemumwine(菊花酒).TelltheStoryofItsOrigin(student)In1989,theChinesegovernmentdesignated(指定)DoubleNinthFestivalasSeniors'Day(老人节)asnineisthehighestoddnumberandtwoninesaretakentosignifylongevity.Sincethen,theDoubleNinthFestivalhasbecomeadayoflovingandrespectingtheage