中国文化概况-chapter-10

AGlimpseofChineseCultureChapter10DressandAdornmentCulture本章教学的目的1.介绍中国服饰发展概况2.了解中国传统服饰及布料3.了解少数民族服饰本章教学的重难点1.中国服装发展史2.中国传统服饰及布料3.少数民族服饰介绍本章教学的时间安排教师课堂讲解(60minutes)1.ThedevelopmentofChineseclothing(30minutes)2.Chineseclothingfabric(5minutes)3.TypicalChinesecostumes(15minutes)4.EthnicAttire(10minutes)讨论(10minutes)学生课件展示(30minutes)TheDevelopmentofChineseClothingForthousandsofyears,generationsofclothingdesignersandgarmentmakersinChinahavedevotedthemselvestobuildingthe“GarmentKingdom”,makingthegarmentsthatcoverthehumanbodyanimportantcomponentofChineseculture.OriginofChineseClothingInprimitivesociety,theChineselivedincaves.Tokeepwarm,theycoveredthemselveswithnaturalmaterialslikeleaves,grassesandanimalfurs.TheinventionofsewingallowedtheearlyChinesetomakebetterfittingclothestoprotectthemfromharshconditions,thusassistingthemintheiradaptabilityandconsequentlyresultingintheexpansionoftheirterritoriesandanincreaseintheirproductivity.DevelopmentofClothingAsearlyastheZhouDynasty,garmentswerealreadyclassifiedintosacrificialattire,courtattire,armyuniform,mourningattireandweddingattire.ThetraditionwasbrokenduringtheSpringandAutumnandtheWarringStatesperiodwhentheideaoffashionreachednewheights.TheQinandHandynastieswitnessedtheunificationofChinaanditswrittenlanguage.ChineseclothingdevelopedrapidlyduringtheWei,Jin,andSouthernandNortherndynasties.DuringtheSuiDynasty,allpoorpeoplehadtowearblackandblueclothes,andonlytherichpeoplecouldwearothercolors.IntheTangDynasty,clothingwasmorevariedthanbeforebecausethestatewasmoreopentotheoutsideworld.CasualwearappearedduringtheSongDynasty,andclothesweresimpleandelegant.Butduringthisdynasty,itbecamefashionableforwomentobindtheirfeetinordertokeepthemsmall.DuringtheYuanDynasty,theMongolianethnicgroup,knownasthepeopleonhorseback,wasinpower.Thesimpleandunadorned(朴素的)styleofclothingwasmainlyacombinationofMongolianandHaninfluences.DramaticchangestookplaceduringtheMingDynasty.Therewasnolimitationtoonestyleandnaturalbeautywasadvocated,thusbringingvigorandvitalitytoclothingculture.DuringtheQingDynasty,clothesbecameelegantandpoised(威严的).Chinesegarmentsofthe20thcenturyrangedgreatlyinstyleandincludedtheqipao,Chinesetunicsuit,studentuniform,Lenin-stylesuit,Russiandress,miniskirt,bikini,punk(怪异服装)andT-shirt.ChineseClothingFabricSilkandtheSilkRoadEmbroideryBatikSilkandtheSilkRoadBeingaChineseinvention,silkwasproducedandusedonlyinChinaforalongperiodoftime.DuringtheTangDynasty,30percentofthetradewassilk.Ithasalookandfeelingofrichnessthatnootherfabriccanmatch.Aromanticlegendaboutthediscoveryofsilk.(keywords)EmperorHuang’sreigninthe30thCenturyBC;afather;hisdaughter;amagichorse;apromise:ifthehorsecouldfindherfather,shewouldmarryit;killedtheinnocenthorse;amiracle;silkworm(蚕);sheweptlongandthinsilkenthreads;missingherfatherThebusinessofraisingsilkwormsandunwindingcocoonsisknownassilkcultureorsericulture(养蚕业).Aman’snecktieneedsrawsilkfrom111cocoons,andawoman’sblousefrom630cocoons.SuzhouisthegenerallyrecognizedhomeofChinesesilkorthesilkcapitalofChina.ThelargerangeofSuzhousilk,longknownforitsqualityandbeauty,findsabriskmarketinmorethan100countriesandregionsaroundtheworld.TheSilkRoadTheSilkRoadwasthemaintraderouterunningthroughAsiainancienttimes.ItstartedfromtheWeishuiValley(渭水流域)intheeastandendedontheeastcoastoftheMediterranean(地中海),fromwhereitledtovariousplacesaroundEurope.FromtheWesternHanDynastyon,China’ssilkwasexportedviathisroutetotheWest,andthusacloserlinkbetweenChinaandtheWestwasformed,andculturalexchangesandfriendlyvisitswerepromoted.Throughthesilktrade,Chinesegarmentdesignandstylehaditsgreatestimpactontherestoftheworld.Conversely,garments,craftsandstylesofothercountrieshadtheirownprofoundinfluenceonChinesegarmentsaswell.AlthoughtheancientSilkRoadhaslostitsoriginalfunction,thenumerousrelicsalongthewaystillattractmanytourists.Embroidery(刺绣)EmbroideryisatraditionalChinesehandicraftfeaturingflowers,birdsandsceneryonsilkorotherclothincoloredsilkthreads.Chineseembroiderydatesbackover3,000years.Ithasdistinctregionalandethniccharacteristics.EmbroideryinChinaincludes:ShuEmbroidery(蜀绣)fromSichuan,SuEmbroidery(苏绣)fromSuzhou,XiangEmbroidery(湘绣)fromHunanYueEmbroidery(粤绣)fromGuangdong.Shuembroideryisfamousforitssimplicity.Suforitsextremelydelicatestitches.Xiangforitsrichcolors.Yueforitscomplicatedpatterns.BatikBatikorwaxprintingisatraditionalChinesefolkart,whichcombinespaintinganddying.ItpresentsavarietyofethnicstylesandismostpopularamongtheBuyi,theMiaoandtheYaoethnicgroups.Batikinvolvespainstakingworkbutfollowsarathersimpleprocess.First,beeswax(黄腊)ismeltedinabowl.Thenaspecialbrassknifeisusedtospreadsomeoftheliquidwaxontoacottonclothformingpatternsasithardens.Theclothisimmersed(浸入)completelyintoajarofindigo(靛蓝染料)withtheunwaxedclothtakingoncolor.Thedyedclothisboiledtomeltoffthewax,leavingclearwhitepatternsonabluebackground.Batikclothcanbemadeintogarments,scarves,kerchiefs,bags,table-cloths,bedspreads,curtains,andotherdecorativeitems.TypicalChineseCostumesChineseTunicSuitChi