日本的帝国主义与军国主义

THEJAPANESEEMPIRECOMMODOREPERRYANDTHEBLACKSHIPSUSsendsCommodoreMatthewPerryandasmallfleettoopenJapantotradeanddiplomaticrelationsIn1854.CreatestumultuousperiodofchangeinJapanesesocietyMEIJIRESTORATION-1868Youngemperortakesover;endseraofshogunsEmbarksonrapidmodernizationofallfacetsofJapaneselife.JAPAN’SMODELSFORMODERNIZATIONEmissariessentouttoWesttofindbestwaystodothings:Britain:navyU.S.:factoriesandtechnology,educationGermany:governmentRAPIDMODERNIZATIONLookingforinfluenceinChinaSINO-JAPANESEWAR-1895JapandecisivelydefeatsChina;gainsconcessionsinManchuriaRUSSO-JAPANESEWAR-1905JapanandRussiainconflictoverinfluenceinKoreaandManchuria.JapanclaimsKorea.RUSSO-JAPANESEWARJapanlaunchesasurpriseattackonaRussianconcessioninManchuriaBattleofTsushimaStraitJapanesefleetdestroysRussianPacificfleetintwohours.JAPANANDKOREA&TAIWANJapanmakesKoreaandTaiwanfullcoloniesofitsempire.TREATYOFPORTSMOUTHUSPresidentTheodoreRooseveltmediates.1920sRISEOFMILITARISMJapanfeelscheatedafterWorldWarI.Newemperor–HirohitoRiseoffanaticnationalistsandmilitarysocietiesEMPERORHIROHITOFanaticalloyaltytoemperorAGGRESSIONSTEP1–MANCHURIA1931STEP2–INVASIONOFCHINA1937JapaninvadesChina;beginsconquestGreatlyangersUS.FirststeptowardWorldWarIIinAsia.JAPANESEATROCITIESRAPEOFNANJINGGREATEREASTASIACO-PROSPERITYSPHEREJAPANASANAXISPOWERJoinsGermanyandItalyin1938JAPANESEATROCITIES–UNIT731UNIT731CruelandbarbaricmedicalexperimentsonChineseprisonersandpeasantsDevelopedgermwarfareweaponsDoctorsneverpunishedLEADERS–TOJOandYAMAMOTOWHYTHEATTACKONPEARLHARBOR?JAPANESEVICTORIES-1942SurpriseattackworkedagainstRussiain1905.JapanneededtoneutralizeAmericanfleetinordertotakeoverSoutheastAsiawithitsresources.Philippines,Indochina,Indonesia,Malayaallfall.SingaporeisworstdefeateversufferedbyBritishArmy.150,000prisonerstakenbyJapanese.TURNINGPOINT–BATTLEOFMIDWAYAMERICANBOMBINGAllbutfourmajorJapanesecitiesbombed,incl.Tokyo.Manyarefire-bombed,manycivilianskilled.AtomicbombingofHiroshimaandNagasakifinallyforcesunconditionalsurrenderofJapanReluctancetosurrenderunconditionallyforfearoflosingemperor,alsoloyaltyandhonor.EFFECTONJAPAN’SPSYHOLOGY