马康纳NeanMacCannell及其现代旅游理论

SIXIANGZHANXIAN2005131111,2005Vol131(NeanMacCannell)(,,650091):,,,:;;;;;:F590:A:1001-778X(2005)01-0097-05X,,,,,,,,800-1000,,(ErvingGoffman)1976:,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[1],,,,:79X:2004-10-11:(1955-),,,,,©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,:,,,;,,?:,,,[2](P1),,,:;,;,[3](P69)?,:,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,(,,,),(Modernpilgrimsseekingau2thenticity),,,:,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,[4],,,,(pan-tourismera),,(tourist-sightmarkersystem),(acenterfortourists),(Mc-Disneyization)(museumization)[5],:,,,,,,,,,,,89©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,:,;,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,:,,:,,,,,,,(Ana2heim),:,;,,;,,,,,,99©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,1:2:3:4:5:,6:,,,,,,,,,,(Benjamin,1968),,,,,,,,,,,[4],,,(stagedauthentici2ty),(signifier)(signified)(emblematicofmodernindividualswhoseekauthenticity),,,,,,,(Cohen),,,[6],,,,,,:?,?,,,?,,:,,,:,,,,,,,,,,Sepik:,,,,,001©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,?:,,,;,,:,,,:,,,,:,?,:,,,:,,?:[1]MacCannell,Dean1TheTourist:aNewTheoryoftheLeisureClass[M]1NewYork:SchockenThirdedition,UniversityofCaliforniaPress,19991[2]1[M]11:,20001[3],1[M]11:,20011[4]1()1,1[5]1[J]1,2001,(6)1[6]1()[A]11ValeneL1SmithandMaryannBrent1HostsandGuestsRevisited:TourismIssuesofthe21stCentury[M]1USA,20011()NeanMacCannellandHisTheoryofModernTourismYANGHui(SchoolofEthnologyandSociology,YunnanUniversity,Kunming650091,China)Abstract:MrNeanMacCannell,asocio2anthropologistatUCDavis,regardstourismasamodernphenomenon.Con2sideringmoderntourismasaresistancetothedevelopmentofmodernity,modernmenyearnforthediscoveryoftruthinhistoryandinothercultures,whichinitiatesthearrivaloftheeraofmasstourism.Thehomogeneity-orientedprocessofmoderntourismhelpstourismculturebecomeapartofworldculture.Keywords:moderntourism;modernity;estrange;truthfulness;stagetruthfulness;homogeneityoftourism101©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.