love-is-a-fallacy---part--3-课文分析

(paras.109-114)HypothesisContrarytoFact(paras.115-124)PoisoningtheWellSectionIV(Paras.125-154):theendingofthestory:backfiringofallthearguments(paras.125-152)Thequarrelbetweentheboyandthegirl.(climaxespeciallyparas.147--150)(paras.153-154)Modulation(thefallingaction)HypothesisContrarytoFactHypothesiscontrarytofact:drawanysupportableconclusionfromahypothesisthatisnottrue.(事实相反的假设:不合逻辑的推理)IfMadameCuriehadnothappenedtoleaveaphotographicplateinadrawerwithachunkofpitchblende,theworldtodaywouldnotknowaboutradium.E.g.1.IfIhadstudiedhard,Iwoulddefinitelyhavepassedthetest.2.Itaughtyoulogic.So,ifIhadn’ttaughtyoulogic,youneverwouldhavelearnedlogicatall.PoisoningtheWellPoisoningthewell:hashamstrungone’sopponent.(投毒下井:事先否定对方)orspeaking“againsttheman”ratherthantheissue,inwhichthepremisesmayonlymakeapersonalattackonapersonwhoholdssomethesis,insteadofofferinggroundsshowingwhywhathesaysisfalse.Myopponentisanotoriousliar.Youcan’tbelieveawordthatheisgoingtosay.E.g.1.Don’tlistentohim.Heisscoundrel.2.YoumayarguethatGoddoesn'texist,butyouarejustfollowingafad.3.WeshoulddiscountwhatPremierKleinsaysabouttaxationbecausehewon'tbehurtbytheincrease.DobieGillis（thenarrator）PollyEspy(thegirl)DeclarationoflovetoPollyPeteyBurchPromisedtobehisGFAraccooncoatRefutedallhisargumentsaslogicalfallacies.1.“Soundsyummy,”wasPolly’sreaction.(Para.110)–yummy:(Americancolloquialism)echoicofasoundmadeinexpressingpleasureatataste;verytasty;delectableSoundsfine2.“Didyouseethemovie?Oh,itjustknockedmeout.ThatWalterPidgeonissodreamy.Imeanhefracturesme.”(Para.112)excellent,wonderful,delightfultoevokeastrongreactioninsomeone;tocausetoreactwithenthusiasmIwasexcitedandfilledwithpleasurebythemovie.Thatwell-knownactorWalterPidgeonissowonderfulandhefascinatesme.3.Onemorechance,Idecided.Butjustonemore.Thereisalimittowhatfleshandbloodcanbear.(Para.115)Ellipsisandinversion.IdecidedthatIwouldgiveheronemorechance.Thereisalimittowhatanyhumanbeingcanbear.Impliedmeaning：ifIfailedthistime,Iwouldgiveup.4.“ThenextfallacyiscalledPoisoningtheWell.”(Para.115)It’saMetaphor.Thewritercompares“thepersonalattackonapersonholdingsomethesis”to“poisoningthewell”.5.Iwatchedhercloselyassheknithercreamybrowinconcentration.Suddenly,aglimmerofintelligence—thefirstIhadseen—cameintohereyes.(Para.118)todrawthebrowstogether(aswhenthinkinghard)眉头紧锁，精力集中glimmer:n.afaintunsteadylightorasmalluncertainsign微弱的闪光；微弱的征兆aglimmerofintelligence一线智慧Iwatchedherasshethoughtveryhard.Suddenly,fromhereyesIcouldseeforthefirsttimeasmalluncertainsignshowingshewasbeginningtounderstandtheproblem.6.“Right!”Icriedexultantly.“Onehundredpercentright.It’snotfair.Thefirstmanhaspoisonedthewellbeforeanybodycoulddrinkfromit.Hehashamstrunghisopponentbeforehecouldevenstart.…(Para.119)exultant:ad.(fml.orlit.)jubilant兴高采烈的hamstring:v.tomake(apersonorgroup)ineffectiveorpowerless;crippleHehasmadehisopponentpowerless/disabledhisopponentbeforehehasthechancetodefendhimself.7.HeartenedbytheknowledgethatPollywasnotaltogetheracretin,Ibeganalong,patientreviewofallIhadtoldher.OverandoverandoveragainIcitedinstancespointedoutflaws,kepthammeringawaywithoutlet-up.(Para.123)v.(oftenpassive)encourage使振作，高兴；鼓励n.(tabooslang)anextremelystupidpersontokeepemphasizingortalkingaboutstopping;relaxingIwasencouragedwhenIknewthatPollywasnotahopelessidiot.SooverandoveragainIgaveexamplesandpointedoutthemistakesinherthinking.Ikeptemphasizingallthiswithoutstopping.8.Itwaslikediggingatunnel.Atfirsteverythingwaswork,sweat,anddarkness.IhadnoideawhenIwouldreachthelight,orevenifIwould.ButIpersisted.Ipoundedandclawedandscraped,andfinallyIwasrewarded.Isawachinkoflight.Andthenthechinkgotbiggerandthesuncamepouringinandallwasbright.(Para.123)Simile,comparinghisteachingtothehardworkofdiggingatunnel.v.scratch,clutch,aswithclaws(nails)抓；挠v.scratch,cutthesurfaceofslightly刮除Atfirstitwasveryhardwork(sweatingandworkinginthedark)butfinallyhesawthelightattheendofthetunnelandknewhehadsucceededindiggingthiswaythrough.AfteralotofhardworkhemanagedtomakePollythinklogically.Whenhewentoutattheotherendofthetunnelhefoundthesunshiningbrightly.Everythinglookedbrightandhappy.9.Fivegruelingnightsthistook,butitwasworthit.IhadmadealogicianoutofPolly;(Para.124)IhadturnedPollyintoalogician.10.Shewasworthyofmeatlast.Shewasafitwifeforme,aproperhostessformymanymansions,asuitablemotherformywell-heeledchildren.(Para.124)–Shewasworthyofmeatlast:This,onceagain,showsthenarrator’sconceit.Pollywasnotgoodenoughtobehiswifeatfirst.(Americanslang)rich,prosperousHerethenarratordescribestherolewhathethinkhiswifeshouldplay.Canyouimaginetheimageofhiswifeaccordingthissentence?Herethenarratordescribestherole,whichhethinks,awifeshouldplay.Firstsheshouldbeaproperhostessofarichmanwhoownsmanymansions.Inotherwordssheshouldbegoodatentertaininghisrichfriendsandclientsandthusfurtherhiscareer.Second,sheshouldbeagoodmotherandproperlylookafterhisrichandprosperouschildren.11.ItmustnotbethoughtthatIwaswithoutloveforthisgirl.Quitethecontrary.JustasPygmalionlovedtheperfectwomanhehadfashioned,soIlovedmine.(Para.125)–Itmustnotbethou