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1.孔子孔子(Confucius)是一位思想家、政治家,教育家,也是中国儒学(theRuSchool)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism),这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(MasterKung)的教学上。冯友兰,中国思想史上20世纪伟大的权威之一,把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作西方的苏格拉底。参考译文:Confuciuswasathinker,politicalfigure,educator,andfounderoftheRuSchoolofChinesethought.Confucianism,thegreatsystemofmoralandreligiousphilosophybuiltupontheteachingsofMasterKung.FungYou-lan,oneofthegreat20thcenturyauthoritiesonthehistoryofChinesethought,comparesConfucius’sinfluenceinChinesehistorywiththatofSocratesintheWest.2.京剧京剧(BeijingOpera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术,京剧的服装(costume)、脸谱(facialmask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣;穷困者的服装则简单朴素,少有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物形象的重要手段,它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜色让人一看便知角色(portray)的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈(treachery),黑色代表正直不阿,黄色是骁勇,蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉(rebelliousfighters),金、银色多用于神佛(divinityandBuddhism)参考译文:BeijingOperaisthecreamoftheChineseculture.Asatraditionalartform,itscostumesandfacialmaskaremorepopularwithpeople.Differentstylesofcostumesareusedtoreflectthestatusofdifferentcharacters.Therearemoredecorationsinthecostumesofnobles,whilethoseofthepoortendtobesimpleandlesselemental.Facialmaskscanreflectqualitiesofdifferentcharacters.Facialmasksusingdifferentcolorsareimportantwaystoportrayacharacter.Peoplecantellaherofromavillainbythecolorsofthemasks.Ingeneral,whiteusuallyrepresentstreachery,blackrepresentsrighteousness,yellowrepresentsbravery,blueandgreenrepresentrebelliousfighters,whilegoldandsilverrepresentdivinityandBuddhism.3.茶马古道茶马古道(Tea-horseAncientRoad)两边,生活着20多个少数民族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化,比如:大理,丽江古城,香格里拉(Shangrila),雅鲁藏布江大峡谷和布达拉宫(PotalaPalace)。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、骚站(posthouse),古桥和木板路,还有少数民族舞蹈和民族服装。时至今天,虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了,但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。参考译文:AlongtheTea-horseAncientRoadlivedmorethan20minorities.Concentrationsofbeautifulandmysteriousnaturallandscapesandtraditionalculturesdevelopedinvarioussites,includingDalioldcity,Lijiangoldcity,Shangrila,YarlungZangboRiverGrandCanyon,PotalaPalace.Theroadfeaturestemples,rockpaintings,posthouses,ancientbridgesandplankroads.Itisalsohometomanynationalminoritiesandtheirdancesandfolkcustoms.Today,althoughthetracesoftheancientroadarefadingaway,itsculturalandhistoricvaluesremain.4.八大菜系中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家,每个民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粤、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系,这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样的烹饪方法区分的,各有其长处。参考译文:Chinaisatime-honoredmulti-ethnicsnationwithavastterritoryandabundantresources,andeveryethnicgrouphasitsuniqueabundantdishes.Regionalcuisineshavetakenshapeafterlong-historyevolutionundertheinfluenceofgeographicalenvironment,climate,culturaltradition,folkcustomsandotherfactors.ThemostinfluentialandrepresentativeonesareLu,Chuan,Yue,Min,Su,Zhe,XiangandHuiCuisines,whicharecommonlyknownas“EightMajorCuisines”.Dishesinthe“EightMajorCuisines”inChinaarecharacterizedbydiversifiedcookingskills,witheachhavingitsstrongpoints.5.四合院四合院是从明代的北京延续下来的古典建筑风格的住宅。四合院之间的狭窄的街道被称为“胡同”。一个四合院有园林包围着四个房子,有高高的围墙保护。四合院与胡同都是人们常见到的,有超过700多年的历史,但是由于现在的城市改造和中国经济的发展,四合院慢慢地从北京消失。参考译文:SiHeYuanisaclassicalarchitecturestyleofresidentialhousingofBeijingcitizensdatedfromtheMingDynasty.ThenarrowstreetsbetweentheSiHeYuanarecalled“Hutong”.AsingleimplementationofSiHeYuancomprisesofgardensurroundedbyfourhousesandprotectedbyhighwalls.SiHeYuanwithHutongwhichhavebeenveryfamiliartopeople,havingahistoryofmorethan700yearsnowsufferfromtheurbanrenovationandeconomicdevelopmentofChina,andtheyareslowlydisappearingfromBeijing.6.少林功夫少林功夫(ShaolinKungfii)是河南登封少林寺信奉佛教文化的和尚们练习的一种武术(martialarts)。少林寺,建于北魏(theNorthernWeiDynasty)太和期(TaihePeriod)十九年,是少林功夫发展的文化空间。少林功夫最初是佛教僧侣练习的,他们的职责是保护寺庙。现在经过1500多年的发展,少林功夫已逐步发展成为一种完美技术和丰富含义相融合的艺术,在全世界享有声誉。参考译文:ShaolinKungfuisakindofmartialartspracticedbymonksunderthespecialBuddhistcultureoftheShaolinTempleinDengfengCity,HenanProvince.TheShaolinTemple,builtintheNineteenthyearofTaihePeriodduringtheNorthernWeiDynasty,isaculturalspaceforthedevelopmentoftheShaolinKungfu.TheShaolinKungfii,whichisoriginallypracticedbytheBuddhistmonkswhosedutiesweretoprotectthetemple,hasbeengraduallydevelopedintoanartofperfecttechnology,abundantmeaningsandhighreputationinthewholeworldaftermorethan1500yearsofdevelopment.7.秧歌秧歌是农历正月的主要的民族花市形式。在这种活动中,两人都盛装打扮,轮流唱歌跳舞,其他人作为唱歌和跳舞的搭档。锣(gong)鼓按照节奏敲打;唢呐(suona)或其他传统的弦乐器、木管乐器作为背景音乐。参考译文:Yangge,whichisoneofthemainformsoffolkflowerfairactionsinthefirstmonthofthelunaryear.Inthisactivity,twopeoplearedressedup,singinganddancinginantiphonalstyle,othersactassinginganddancingpartners.Thegonganddrumarebeateninrhythm;traditionalstringedandwoodwindinstrumentsaredubbedinbackgroundmusic.8.筷子说到筷子(chopsticks)的起源,中国是世界上第一个使用筷子的国家,用筷子吃饭已经有至少3000年的历史了。筷子看起来很简单,只有两根小细棒,但它有很多功能,比如挑选,移动,夹,搅拌或者挖。此外,它便于使用,价格便宜。而且筷子也是世界上独有的餐具(tableware)。使用筷子的人,无论是中国人还是外国人,都无不钦佩筷子的发明者。参考译文:Astheoriginofchopsticks,Chinaisthefirstcountryintheworldtousechopsticksandhasahistoryofatleast3,000yearstohavemealswithchopsticks.Chopsticksseemsquitesimplewithonlytwosmallandthinsticks,butitisinpossessionofmanyfunctions,suchaspicking,moving,nipping,mixinganddigging;moreover,itisconvenientforuseandcheapinprice.Besides,chopsticksarealsouniquetablewareinthe
本文标题:四六级翻译练习
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