Death-penalty

Killedtwice?Backgroundinformation:ThemovementofdeathpenaltyUseofthedeathpenaltyaroundtheworldSeverehistoricalpenaltiesincludebreakingwheel,boilingtodeath,flaying,slowslicing,disembowelment,crucifixion.[,kru:sə‘fɪkʃən在十字架上钉死],impalement钉在尖桩上,crushing(includingcrushingbyelephant),stoning,executionbyburning,dismemberment肢解,sawing分尸,decapitation斩首,杀头,scaphism,necklacing勒死orblowingfromagun.ThemovementofdeathpenaltyTheChristianMartyrs‘LastPrayer,byJean-LéonGérôme(1883).RomanColosseum罗马圆形大剧场.Prisonerswerekilledbyferocious.[fə'rəuʃəs]animaisguillotine.[‘gɪlə,ti:n,]断头台toguillotineacriminal处罪犯斩刑ThebreakingwheelwasusedduringtheMiddleAgesandwasstillinuseintothe19thcentury.LingChi–executionbyslowslicing–inBeijingaround1910.SaintNicholasofMyraseizestheexecutioner'sswordinordertosaveatthelastmomentthreewronglycondemnedprisoners(oilpaintingbyIlyaRepin,1888,StateRussianMuseum).Mexicanexecutionbyfiringsquad.[skwɔd]军队中的)班,小队,1916intheUnitedStatesprisonersarerestrainedduringanexecutionbylethalinjection.Useofthedeathpenaltyaroundtheworld(asofFeb2011).bLue:Abolishedforalloffensesgreen:Abolishedforalloffensesexceptunderspecialcircumstancesorange:Retains,thoughnotusedforatleast10yearsred:RetainsdeathpenaltyAboutthetextStructuralanalysis1.lead-inbydescribingtheevent:awomansaidthatherdaughterwaskilldetwice2.Theautherdisscussesdifferentopinionsonwhatisappropriteredress:twoextremesA.Beingconcernedwiththecriminal’srights.anyextendedpunishmentissimplyanothercrimeB.Focusingtotallyonthevictim’srights,onlyexecutionorotherseverepenaltieswillsufficetorestoreasenseofmoralbalance3.Theauthernalyseswhypeopleindifferentcountriesexpenddifferentlevelsofpassionontheissueofdeathpenalty.Wordsinfocus:1.oscillate.['ɔsə,leɪt]vt.&vi.(使)摆动Onanoscilloscope,youcanseeanelectricalcurrentoscillateupanddown.在示波器上面你可以看到一股电流上下振动。2.tremulous.['tremjələs]adj.颤抖的,打颤的Iopenedtheimportantletterwithtremulousfingers.我用颤抖的手指打开这封重要的信。3.manslaughter.['mæn,slɔ:tə]n.律过失杀人(罪);误杀Thedriverwasarrestedonachargeofmanslaughter.司机以过失杀人罪被逮捕。4.slain.[sleɪn]杀死;被杀死的5.reconcile.['rekənsail]将就；妥协(sb/oneself(tosth))Hecouldnotconcilehimselftotheprospectoflosingher.他一想到有可能失去她，就觉得难以忍受。6.scum.[skʌm]n.浮渣,泡沫.卑鄙的人,下贱的人thescumoftheearthDrugdealersarethescumoftheearth.毒品贩子是社会的渣滓。7.adhere.[əd'hiə]vi.坚持,支持Heresolutelyadheredtowhathehadsaidatthemeeting.他坚持他在会上所说的话。8.abstraction.[æb'strækʃən]n.抽象概念；抽象名称Theideaofrednessisanabstraction.红色概念是一种抽象概念9.sorely.[‘sɔ:li:]adv.严重地;非常Theroomwassorelyinneedofafreshcoatofpaint.这间屋子很需要重新粉刷一次10.redress.[rɪ'dres]n.补偿,赔偿;矫正Youmustseekredressinthelawcourts.你应当通过法律途径要求赔偿。11.suffice.[sə'fais]vi.足够Twobottlesofwinewillsufficeforlunch.午餐有两瓶葡萄酒就够了。12.retribution.[,retrə'bju:ʃən]n.(由于伤害等)应得的惩罚或赔偿Doevilactionsbringretributionafterdeath?恶行在人死后会有报应吗?13.dispense.[dis'pens]vt.分配,分发;施与,试行Ajudgedispensesjustice.法官主持公道14.resurgence[rɪ'sɜ:dʒəns]n.复苏topromotetheresurgenceandprosperityofChina有利于中国的振兴和富强15.perpetrator.['pɜ:pɪ,treɪt]vt.犯(罪),作(恶),做(坏事)toperpetrateacrime犯罪n.perpetrationn.perpetrator16.Instigator煽动者SetencesinfocusInCanada:Canadadoesnothaveadeathpenalty.Inmostcases,themostserioussentenceformurderislifeimprisonmentwithnopossibilityofparolefor25years.However,ifapersonhasalonghistoryofviolentcrime,thentheycanbedeclaredadangerousoffender.Withthisclassificationtheyaregivenanindefinite无限期的sentencewithlittlechanceofeverbeingreleasedfromprison.Publicopinionpollsshowthatover70%oftheadultpopulationwouldliketoseeareturnofhangingforfirstdegreemurder.ThisisalmostidenticaltothelevelofsupportintheU.S.TheRomanCatholic.[‘kæθəlɪk]宽容的Churchandliberalchurcheswishtocontinuethepresentstatus情形,状况;conservativeProtestant新教徒的denominations[dɪ,nɔmə'neɪʃən]宗派,教派areoverwhelminglyinfavorofareturntocapitalpunishment.However,theydonotappeartobeaggressivelypromotingthedeathpenalty.Theireffortseemstobedirectedmainlyatpreventingsame-sexcouplesfrommarrying,limitingabortionaccess,andmarijuana大麻useascriminalacts.Thehomicide律杀人(行为)rateinCanadahasbeengraduallydroppingsinceexecutionswerestopped.Thisphenomenonhasbeenobservedinmanyothercountrieswhohaveabandonedthedeathpenalty.However,ithasneverbeenconvincinglyproventhatthereisarelationshipbetweenthedecreaseinhomicidesandthecessation(暂时)停止,休止,中断ofthedeathpenalty.Italy'spassionateoppositiontodeathpenaltyItalybannedcapitalpunishmentin1948andisaleadingvoiceinaninternationalmovementtoeliminateexecutionsworldwideintheyear2000.SomeobserversbelievetheRomanCatholicChurch,whoseheadquartersattheVaticandominatesRome,fostersItaly'ssenseofmoralobligation.PopeJohnPaulIIrepeatedlyspeaksoutagainstexecutionsandhasbeenknowntofireoffappealsforclemency.['klemənsi:]宽容;仁慈toworldleadersandU.S.governors.Italiansshowasympathyforconvictedcriminalsthatmaystrikesomeintheinternationalcommunityasextraordinarilyandevenexcessivelylenient.Rome'sancientColiseumhasbecomeafocalpointfordeathpenaltyprotestsDeathpenaltyinEngland:ThedealthpenaltyhadalreadybeenabolishedbeforeBritainsignedthe13thProtocolwhichprohibitsthedeathpenaltyunderanycircumstances.Thelastdeathpenaltywasgivenon13thAugust1964,PeterAntonyAll