不定式做宾语补足语及练习

不定式作宾语补足语的类型动词不定式既有动词的性质，又有名词的性质。它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语。动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语、同位语等：动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语，常用的“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。不定式作宾语补足语的有以下八种类型：(下列句子中划线部分作宾语补足语)一、许多动词可跟一个宾语+todo…构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语；否定形式为“动词+宾语+nottodo…”。例如：dosb/sthtodosthMybosstoldmetotypeouttwoletters.分析：句中“Myboss”做主语，“told”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。Theyforbadehertoleavethecountry.Pleaseremindmenottobelateforthemeeting.高中范围内，适用于“动词+宾语+(not)todo…”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn等。二、有些动词可跟“宾语+tobe…”构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：Iconsiderhimtobethebestcandidate.分析：句中“I”做主语，“consider”作谓语，“him”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。Iknowhimtobealiar.Isupposehimtobeawayfromhome.高中范围内，适用于“动词+宾语+tobe…”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：consider，declare，discover，feel，find，suppose等。三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：Hesawherentertheroom.分析：句中“He”做主语，“saw”作谓语，“her”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。Shewon'tletmedoit.Iheardherlockthedoor.Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.高中范围内，适用于“动词+宾语+do…”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel，have，hear，let，make，notice，observe，see，watch等。还有两个词组：listento，lookat.注意:这类句子变为被动结构时，不定式前加to。请看下列句子，句中划线部分作宾语补足语。例如：Achildwasseentoenterthebuilding.Shewasoftenhe3②在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四观看。一感：feel二听：hear,listento三让：let,have,make四观看：observe,see,watch,lookat这类动词有：make,let,have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式(have没有被动语态)。Whatwouldyouhavemedo?你要我做什么？Shemadehimgiveupsmoking.她让他戒了烟。Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo.他想干什么就让他干吧。ardtosingthissong.四、help后的不定式可加to，也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多)，但被动结构中要加to。例如：I'llhelpyou(to)pushthecart.分析：句中“I”做主语，“willhelp”作谓语，“you”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。上句的被动语态为：You'llbehelpedtopushthecart.五、有些“动词+介词”的结构后也可跟不定式构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：Heshoutedtometocomeover.分析：句中“He”做主语，“shouted”作谓语，“to”为介词，“me”作宾语，划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子，句子的结构为“动词+介词+宾语+todo…”，划线部分为不定式，作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。Idependonyoutodoit.Iamcountingonyoutohelpmethrough.高中范围内，适用于“动词+介词+宾语+todo…”的结构，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：shouttosb.todo，callonsb.todo，countonsb.todo，dependonsb.todo，waitforsb.todo等。六、作宾语补足语的不定式，表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生，就需要用完成形式：HewasknowntohaveworkedfortheInternationalOlympicCommittee.分析：句中“He”做主语，“wasknown”作谓语，使用了被动语态。由句意可知，“为国际奥委会工作”发生在前，“大家知道”发生在后。故不定式部分用完成形式，在句中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。Theyarebelievedtohavediscussedtheproblem.七、作宾语补足语的不定式，表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式：HeisbelievedtobelivinginMexico.分析：句中“He”做主语，“isbelieved”作谓语，使用了被动语态。由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况，故用不定式的进行形式，句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。Thousandswerereportedtobeworkinginconcentrationcamps.Heisthoughttobehidinginthewoods.间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时。例如：Sheissaidtohavebeendoingthisworkfortwentyyears.八、不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式：hedidn'twanthersontobetakenaway.分析：句中“She”做主语，“didn'twant”作谓语，“herson”作宾语，由于“herson”与“takeaway”之间为被动关系，故用被动形式，句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。I'dlikethisroomtoberedecorated.Hedidn'twishthesubjecttobementionedintheletter.■练习：1.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.(1988全国)A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow2.Theteacheraskedus___somuchnoise.(2003北京)A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake3.Myadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(2004北京)A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake4.Thefluisbelieved___byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(2004上海)A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused5.-IsBobstillperforming？-I'mafraidnot.Heissaid___thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.(2005江苏)A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft6.Themotherfeltherself___coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(2006上海)A.growB.grownC.togrowD.tohavegrown7.Energydrinksarenotallowed___inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(2006上海)A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.tohavebeenmadeD.tobemaking答案：1.A2.D3.D4.C5.A6.A7.B（编辑：赵露）52.----There’saholeinyourbag.----Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit_____.A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing5.Ifoundthedoor_____whenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise____.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled9.Iadvised_____atonce.A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill____.A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating11.Youhadbettergetadoctor_____yourbadtooth.A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout12.Hemanagedtomakehimselfwithhis____English.A.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenB.C.understood;breakingD.understood;broken13.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound______.A.exposeB.exposedC.toexposeD.exposing14.Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman____anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.A.installB.toinstallC.tobeinstalledD.installed615.Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute______.A.beingset