怎样区分非谓语充当各种句子成分

非谓语充当句子成分的区分主语-----Ving&todo•Todo:具体的某一次动作或将来动作，强调的是动作的本身。•Ving：一般的，抽象的，泛指的概念或一个已经完成的动作，强调的是事情本身。•试辨析：•TovisitChinaismynextgoal.•Tolookafterthesenaughtyboysisreallydifficult.•Climbingmountainsisgreatfun.•Collectingstampscanenlargeone’sknowledge.宾语-----todo&ving•1）相差不大的类型•Like,hate,begin,start,prefer,continue等。•Afterashortrest,shestartedworking/towork.•Ipreferwalking/towalktoschool.•Despitethedifficulties,wecontinueddoing/todotheresearch.•2）相差很大的类型•Try,regret,forget,remember,mean等。•①Trytodosth尽力做某事trydoingsth试着做某事•Hetriedtostandupbutfailed.•Let’strytellinghimaboutthesadnews.•②regrettodosth对将要做的事感到抱歉或遗憾，regretdoingsth对已发生的事感到遗憾或后悔•IregrettotellyouthatIcan’tcome,•Ireallyregretmissing/havemissedhislecture.•③forgettodosth忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth忘记了做过的事情•④remembertodo&rememberdoingsth•⑤meantodosth打算做某事meandoingsth意味着做某事•Imeanttobuysomebread,butIforgot.•Wastingtimemeanskillinglife.介词的宾语•介词的宾语一般由动名词充当，独立的不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，但“疑问词+不定式”可以。•试辨析•Shedevotedherwholelifetoteaching.•Ihopeyoucangetusedtolivinghereassoonaspossible.•Hegavemeadviceonhowtoquitsmoking.•We’retalkingaboutwheretosetupaschoolshoppingcenter.表语•不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；•①表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质，不定式与动名词互换。•Myhobbyiscollecting/tocollectancientcoins.•Mypart-timejobisteaching/toteachyogainschool.•②表示具体的，个别的动作，或含有将来含义时，一般用不定式.•Theplanistosetasideadayfortheinterview.•Mywishistofindapart-timejobthissummer.•Ouraimistohelptheoldleadahappylife.•③现在分词与过去分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。现在分词表示自身的性质，过去分词表示外因使之具备的性质或特征。•Yourspeechisveryencouraging.•Thestoryisverymoving.•Iwasdisappointedatthisdecision.•Thechildwasfrightenedtoseethedog.•试辨析•1、Hisjobistopaintthewalls.他的工作是粉刷这些墙•2、Hisjobispaintingwalls.他的工作是粉刷墙定语•①不定式表示未发生的动作，或通常发生的动作，一般放在被修饰词后面。•ThenextthingtodoistoencourageMarytowalkon.•Theschooltobebuiltnextmonthisintendedfordisabledchildren.•Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.•②动名词作定语，一般表示用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面•Awalkingstickameasuringtapeawashingmachineareadingroom•③现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动•单个分词作定语往往放在被修饰词前面，分词短语多置于被修饰词后面•Fallenleavesfallingtreechangedsituationchangingsituation•Developedcountrydevelopingcountryboringmeetingbrokencup•ThemanreadingthenewspaperthereisourEnglishteacher.•TheEnglishspokeninAmericaisalittledifferentfromthatinEnglish.•④•tobedone(todo一般被动)：即将被做•beingdone（动名词一般被动）：正在被做•done（过去分词）：已被做完，或表示完成•havingbeendone（现在分词完成被动）：非限定定语，逗号与被修饰词隔开。•试辨析•Thequestiontobediscussedtomorrowinvolvespollution.•Thequestionbeingdiscussednowinvolvespollution.•Thequestiondiscussedyesterdayinvolvespollution.•Thequestion,havingbeendiscussedformanyyears,involvespollution.定语----注意事项•1)现在分词的完成式一般不做定语，除非为非限定性定语(havingdone,havingbeendone)•Thequestionhavingbeendiscussedformanyyearshasnowbeensolved.•Thequestiondiscussed(=whichhasbeendiscussed)formanyyearshasnowbeensolved.•Thequestion,havingbeendiscussedformanyyears,hasnowbeensolved.•2)短暂性动词的ing形式一般式一般不可以作后置定语。•Mostofthepeoplebeinginvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.•Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.•3)being+adj不能单独作后置定语•Anyonebeingfitforthisjobcansignyournamehere.•Anyone(whois)fitforthisjobcansignyournamehere.状语•①Todo在作为结果状语一般表示出乎意料的情况，常见结构有too…to,enough…to等。不定式前可以加only作强调。•Ving现在分词作为状语主要表示一种顺其自然的情况（前面是后面的原因）•试辨析•Helefthome,nevertoreturn.•Wearrivedthereonlytofindthemeetingover.•Therainlastedaweek,causinggreatdamage.•Thepopstardidn’tturnup,disappointingallherfans.•Theroomarealllargeenoughtotakeathirdbed.•②done,beingdone,havingbeendone作为状语的区别•beingdone（动名词一般被动）：表示伴随状语，一般被done取代•done（过去分词）：已被做完，或表示完成•havingbeendone（现在分词完成被动）：强调主句动作已经完成，或已经持续一段时间的动作或状态，如果不强调时间先后，或动作持续，直接用done•试辨析•Theboywasrunningalongthestreet,(being)followedbyadog.•(Being)Ledbythelocalguide,wewentfurtherintotheforest.•Broughtupabroad,heknowslittleabouthishometown.•Havingbeenwelltendedforhalfayear,thepatientbecamefarbetter.补足语•①todoVSVing现在分词•Ving现在分词说明宾语的正在进行的动作或宾语的特性•Todo表示的是动作的整个过程•Isawhimenterthehall.•Isawhimwalkingintothehall.•②doneVStobedone(不定式被动一般)•Done强调动作的结果，•Tobedone强调动作的过程•（但是在want,wish,desire,like,expect,wouldlike,wouldprefer等表示意愿的动词后的宾补如果用tobedone,省略tobe，从而使句子的语气更显得坚决）•试辨析•Wewouldlikeallthewalls(tobe)paintedwhite.•Idon’tlikesuchthings(tobe)discussedthisway.•Everyoneofuswouldexpectoursalaries(tobe)raised.•Wealldon’twanttheland(tobe)builton.1.Mydaughterstoppedscreamingimmediatelyandlookedupatmewithtears______(roll)downhercheeks.•1．rolling句意：我女儿马上就停止了尖叫，抬头看着我，泪水顺着她的脸颊滑落。这里使用了with的复合结构，其中的名词tears与动词roll是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式IhavelearnedalotaboutAsiancustoms,________(live)inthesmallvillageforthreeyearsintheearly1990s.•2.havinglived句意：20世纪90年代，我在这个小村庄里居住了三年后对亚洲的风俗习惯了解了很多。非谓语动词的逻辑主语是I，与live之间构成主谓关系，同时根据forthreeyears可知，应用完成时态。________(please)withtheeffectofthecolorchange,thewomansmiledwithsatisfaction.•3．Pleased句意：这位女士对颜色变化的效果感到很高兴，满意地笑了。此处非谓语动词的逻辑主语是thewoman，与please之间构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词Pleased。________(take)accordingtotheinstructions,themedicinewillworkforyourheadache.•4．Taken句意：按照说明书服药，这个药会对你的头疼起到作用的。themedicine与take之间是动宾关系，故用take的过去分词形式。ThemeasuresIsuggested______(improve)theairqualityhavebeenadoptedbythegovernment.•6．toimprove分析句子结构可知，空处为Themeasures的后置定语，因此使用不定式形式。