动词不定式用法及练习

动词不定式用法及练习动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。一、构成：todo.否定式nottodo二、常见时态：一般时todo进行时tobedoing完成式tohavedone完成进行式tohavebeendoing三、动词不定式在句子中的成分1、作句子的主语：现实中常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后置。比较下列句子Tolearnfromyourfriendsisimportant.=Itisimportanttolearnfromyourfriends.Toleavewithoutsayinggoodbyeisimpolite.=Itisimpolitetoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.句型总结Itis+adj.+ofsb.todo…=sb.is\are+adj.+todo…在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况。（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等）Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.It’snotpoliteofhimtospeaktooldpeoplelikethat.Itis+adj.+forsb.todo…≠sb.is\are+adj.+todo…如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。Itisnecessaryforustostudyhard.ItiseasyforhimtospeakEnglish.动词不定式作主语1.It'sourduty_________theroomeveryday.A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(甘肃省)2.It'shardforus_________Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。Itwill_________theworkersoverayear__________________theflyover.(北京市海淀区)4.It'sverynice_________youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，to2、作句子的表语：不定式放在be动词后面，用作表语如：Herdreamistobeapoliceman.Myjobistohelpthepatient.Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.Thebestwayistotalktoyourparents.HisplanistotraveltoBeijingthissummer.Mypurposeistohelpyousolvethisproblem.3、作句子的宾语：不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）很多，常见的有want,like,hate,wish,hope,prefer,try,ask,start,begin,decide,learn,choose,agree,expect,remember,forget,plan,decide,wouldlike,need,choose,agree,promise,refuse,setout,manage,pretend,Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Theybegantoreadandwrite.Sheforgottoclosethedoor.HewantedtoborrowmyCDplayer.IhopetospeakEnglishwell.有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：forgettodosth.忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记曾经做过某事stoptodosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事goontodosth.继续做另一件事goondoingsth.继续做原来在做的事needtodosth.需要做某事needdoingsth.需要被做Don’tforgetoturnoffthelightsbeforeleaving.Thisbikeneedsrepairing/mending.注意1：动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放在后面，用it作形式主语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.IfounditimportanttolearnEnglish.Ifonditdifficulttolearnphysics.注意2：常用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want,ask,tell,order,get,wish,allow,invite,teach,encourage,beg,等。构成“vt,+sb.+(not)todosth.”结构。Theteachertoldustoreadthetext.Heaskedmenottotellyouthenews.Hisparentsdidn’tallowhimtoplay.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.Mrs.ReadwhisheshersontolearnEnglishwell.注意3：不定式作宾补省去to的情况(在被动语态中则to不能省掉)常用省去to的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：“一感（feel）、二听（hear,listento）、三让（make,let,have）、五看（lookat,see,watch,notice,observe）”help可带to，也可不带tohelpsb(to)dosthImadehimtodohiswork..----------------------------makesb.dosth.Pleaselistentometosingthissongagain.-------------------listentosb.dosth.Ifeltsomeonetoopenmydoor.--------------------------------fellsb.dosth.Thebossmadethegirltoworktenhouraday.-------------makesb.dosth.Youmustwatchmetodoeverything--------------------------watchsb.dosth.Internetbarsmustn’tletanybodywatchbadthings,especiallychildren.-------letsb.dosth.Heoftenhelps(to)cleantheroom.Mr.Zhangalwayshelpsus(to)learnEnglish.被动语to要加上Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme)Hewasheardtospeakinthenextroom.Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweekasapunishment.专项练习：1.Hewants______somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys(山西省)2.Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking(福建省)3.Hefounditverydifficult______.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep(湖南省)不带to的动词不定式1.Wesawhim______thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered(河南省)2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem______verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel(吉林省)3.Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter______.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup(陕西省)4.Iwasmade______myhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doB.doingC.todoD.did(贵州省)作句子的定语：不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringtheholiday.Wehavealotworktodo.Sheisthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.--------------------------------------live是不及物动词Thereisnothingforustoworryabout.----------------------------------worry是不及物动词MrWuisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.Thereisnoneedtotroublehim.没有必要去烦他Haveyougotanythingimportanttotellme?重要的事情去告诉我I’vegotnothingtoworryabout.没有什么去担心专项练习：1.Wouldyoulikesomething______?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks(湖北省)2.Ihavealotofhomework______.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo(河南省)3.Heisnotaneasyman______.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith(山东省)Key：1.C2.D3.D某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别1.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has(广西壮族自治区)2.——Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?——Sorry,Iforgot______somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took(湖北省)3.——Let'shavearest,shallwe?——Notnow,Ican'tstop______theletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite(湖北省)4.Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop______(walk).Key：1.A2.C3.C4.Walking5、作句子的状语：动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。cometodosth.gotodosth.stoptodosth.inorder(not)todotoo+adj.+todosth.adj.\adv.+e