高一英语微专题九

1高一英语微专题九阅读理解主旨大意题--概括文章大意、总结段落大意的方法主备人：路倩审核人：刘海迪问题描述：综观历年阅读理解题的设问，我们可以看出：试题设问手法灵活、提问深入，而且语篇意识进一步加强了；不仅要求学生理解文章的字面意思，还要求学生理解文章的内在含义。主旨大意题旨在考查学生通过快速阅读获取语篇中心思想的能力，以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。主旨大意题是考生容易出错的题型之一，错误主要体现为：概括文章中心时以偏概全（只见树木不见森林），概括性不够，或者概括过度，超出了文本的内容，缺乏针对性。一、概括文章大意类题目的主要设题形式：1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?2.Themainpurposeofthisarticleistoshowthat__________.3.Whichisthemaintopic/ideaofthispassage?4.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydealwith?5.Themain/generalideaofthispassageis______________.6.Thewriterofthisstorywantstotellusthat__________.7.Thepassageismainlyabout/mainlyfocuseson__________.8.Whatismainlydescribedinthetext?9.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethispassage?10.What’sthesubjectdiscussedinthispassage?方法点拨：每篇文章都会有一个中心，获取文章中心思想的有效方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，起统领全文的作用，文中的所有事实、细节都是为此中心服务的。主题句的位置常在文章的首段或结尾段。因此，在阅读中，我们要特别注意文章的首段、结尾段及段落的主题句。有的文章没有主题句，中心思想隐含在文章中，比如故事类文章，这需要我们对文章的事实、细节进行分析、归纳和推断，从而概括出文章大意。典例分析：（2012安徽D）InAsia,therearespecialcompetitionswherekiteshavecomplexdesignsandarefittedwithinstrumentsthatmakemusicalsoundsasthewindblowsthroughthem.Althoughallkiteshaveasimilarstructure（结构）,theyarewidelydifferentinsizeandshape.Kite-fightingcompetitionsarealsoheld,inwhichcompetitionsustheirkitestoattackandbringdowntheiropponents’（对手）kitesorcuttheirstrings（线）.Formorethan15years,theBigWindKiteFactoryhasbeengivingkite-makingandkiteflyingclassesforthechildrenonanislandinHawaii.Initskite-makinglessons,studentscanmakekitesinaslittleas20minutes!Childrenasyoungasfouryearsoldcanlearnhowtoflyakite.JonathanSocherandhiswifeDaphnestartedthekitefactoryin1980.theirkitesaremadeofnylon（尼龙）.TheirdesignsareHawaiianthemescreatedbyDaphne.Thedesignsarecutoutofthenylonwithahotknifethatsealstheedgesandthenfasteneddirectlyontothekite.Thekitethatisusedtogivelessonsisregulardiamondkitewitharainbowpattern.Thedifferencebetweenthiskiteandtheonestheymakeduringthelessonsisthatitisatwo-stringcontrollablekite.BigWindemployeesflythekiteandforafewminutesshowstudentshowpullingononelineandthenontheothercontrolsthedirectionthekitegoesin.Thenthecontrolsaregiventothestudents.Jonathaninsiststhatitisnotnecessarytomakeahugeimpressivekitetohavefunmakingandflyingkites.Eventhesimpleststructurecanwork,andcangivehoursoffun.Goon,giveitatry!271.Whatismainlydescribedinthetext?A.AkitefactoryB.Kite-flyinglessons.C.Specialcompetitions.D.Thekite-makingProcess.解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了夏威夷岛山的一家风筝工厂在生产风筝的同时，一直坚持给孩子提供制作风筝和放风筝的课程。文章的第一段起铺垫作用，重点是后文对风筝工厂的介绍。B项“放风筝的过程”，C项“特殊的比赛”，D项“风筝制作过程”，都是文中的细节，不能概括全文。故选A。即时练习：AToplistsarelecturingpeopleoneverythingfrom100bookstoread.Aren'tyoujusttiredofbeingtoldwhattodowithyourtime?Nowyouhavealisttoendalllists!Takealookatthefollowingtwoexamplesfromthelistof101thingsnottodo:SwimwithDolphins（海豚）？Swimmingwithdolphinsisoneoftheworld’smostprofitabletouristactivities.However,everydolphinwillwelcomehavingtheirbusy,tiringdayinterruptedbytouristsscreamingpushingaroundtheminthewater.Worseyet,whendolphinsgettooneartotheboatsloadedtourists,theycouldgetcaughtupinropesandkilledbypropellers(螺旋桨).Here’salittlesecret.Dolphinslooklikesmilingatyou,butactuallythey’rejustopeningmouths.GotoSeetheMonaLisa?Theremustbesomethingaboutthemysterious(神秘的)smile.The6millionpeoplewhovisittheladyintheLouvreeveryyearcan’tallbewrong,afterall.Buttheycanbequiteannoying,standinginfrontofyou,holdinguptheircamerastopreventyoufromseeinganything.Infacthardforyoutoseethepaintingclearlybecauseyouhavetostayawayfromitforsecurityread.Afterqueuingforhours,manytouristscanremaininfrontofthepaintingonlyfor15secondsmost.Ifthemysteriousladyinthepictureknewherfate,shewouldn’tjustbesmiling,shelaughing.So,stilllongtoseetheMonaLisa?Ifyouwanttofindoutmoreaboutthelist,read101ThingsNOTtoDoBeforeYouDie.Visit％disc.63.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToadvertiseabookB.TointroduceawebsiteC.TocommentonpopularlistsD.Torecommendtouristactivities.BOneofmywonderfulmemoriesisaboutaChristmasgift.Unlikeothergifts,itcamewithoutwrap(包装).OnSeptember11th,1958,MumgavebirthtoRichard.Aftershebroughthimhomefromhospital,sheputhiminmylap,saying,”Ipromisedyouagift,andhereitis.”Whatanhonour!Iturnedfouramonthearlierandnoneofmyfriendshadsuchababydolloftheirown.Iplayedwithitdayandnight.Isangtoit.Itolditstories.ItolditoverandoverhowmuchIlovedit!Onemorning,however,Ifounditsbedempty.Mydollwasgone!Icriedforit.Mumweptandtoldmethatthepoorlittlethinghadbeensenttoahospital.Ithadafever.Forseveraldays,IheadMumandDadwhisperingsuchwordsas“hopeless”,“pitiful”,and”dying”,whichsounded“ominous”.Christmaswascoming,“Don’texpectanypresentsthisyear,”Dadsaid,pointingatthesocksIhunginthelivingroom.“Ifyourbabybrotherlives,that’llbeChristmasenough.”Ashesaidthishiseyesfilledwithtears.I’dneverseenhimcrybefore.3ThephonerangearlyonChristmasmorning.Dadjumpedoutofbedtoanswerit.FrommybedroomIheardhimsay,“What?He’sallright?”Hehungupandshoutedupstairs.“ThehospitalsaidwecanbringRichardhome!”“ThankGod!”IheardMumcry.Fromtheupstairswindow,Iwatchedmyparentsrushouttothecar.Ihadneverseenthemhappy.AndIwasalsofull