专业外语土木工程专业(路桥方向)汉译英

专业外语土木工程专业（路桥方向）汉译英Lesson71.发货人和旅行者根据所提供的服务水平选择交通运输方式。Theshippersandtravelersselecttransportationmodesintermsoflevelofserviceprovided.2.术语服务水平是用来表述道路为交通服务的质量。Thetermlevelofserviceisusedtodescribethequalityofservicethatisprovidedforthetrafficbytheroads.3.因为时间紧迫，他们选择用航空方式运输这些紧急物资。Theyselectedairtransportationtocarrytheseimportantgoodssincetimewasapremium.4.公路运输具有机动灵活并能提供门到门服务的特点。Highwaytransportationhastheadvantagesofflexibilityandabilitytoprovidedoor-to-doorservice.5.我国公路运输网的主要骨架是由12条限制出入的高速公路组成。Thebackboneofhighwaytransportationnetworkcomprisesof12limited-accessfreewaysinourcountry.Lesson81.公路定线包括现有资料的室内研究、路线踏勘测量、初步定线和最终定线四个阶段。Thehighwaylocationinvolvesfourphrases:officestudyofexistinginformation,reconnaissancesurveyofroutes,preliminarylocationandfinallocation.2.一个独一无二的桥位或者一座山的垭口都可能成为一个主要的控制点。Auniquebridgesiteoramountainpassalsomaybecomeaprimarycontrolpoint.3.一般采用效益成本比法评价可能路线的经济可行性和环境可行性。Thebenefit-costratiomethodisusedforevaluatingtheeconomicandenvironmentalfeasibilityofthealternativeroutes.4.近来，计算机技术的应用极大地提高了公路定线的效率，从而使得到最佳线路成为可能。Recently,applicationofcomputertechniqueshassignificantlyenhancedtheefficiencyofthehighwaylocation,resultinginpossibilityofbestalignment.5.踏勘测量的主要任务是在路线带内确定几条可行的线路，并把它绘在地形图上。Theprimaryobjectofreconnaissancesurveyistoidentifyseveralfeasiblerouteswithaband,thenplottingonphotographicmaps.Lesson91.设置缓和曲线的主要目的是避免线性由半径无穷大的直线突然变化到半径为一定的曲线。Theprimaryobjectofatransitioncurveistoavoidasuddenchangefromatangentwithinfiniteradiustoacurveoffiniteradius.2.平面线形的竖向线形在初步设计阶段就必须一起考虑，不能分别考虑。Atthestagesofpreliminarydesignthehorizontalandverticalalignmentmustbeconsideredtogether,notseparately.3.最大纵坡的选择取决于设计车速和设计车辆，最小纵坡则取决于公路的排水状况。Theselectionofmaximumgradeforahighwaydependsondesignspeedanddesignvehicle,andthatofminimumgradedependsonthedrainageconditionsofthehighway.4.建在有适当路拱、坚实的地基上的高级路面，最小纵坡可以减小到0.3%。Minimumgrademaybereducedto0.3percentonhigh-typepavementconstructedonsuitablycrowned,firmground.5.反向曲线间最好设置一段足够长的直线，以利于超高的过渡。Asufficientlengthoftangenthadbetterbeplacedbetweenthereversecurvestofacilitatethetransitionofsuperelevation.Lesson101.在立交中，车辆通过匝道来转换行驶方向。Thevehiclesininterchangemaytransfertheirmovementdirectionbytheuseoframps.2.城市平面交叉口通常需要采用信号控制来组织交通及减少事故。Inurbanareas,theintersectionsatgradegenerallyrequiresignalizedcontroltoorganizethevehiclesanddecreaseinaccidents.3.设计菱形立交匝道时，必须注意避免错路运行。Wrong-waymovementsmustbetakencareofinthedesignoftherampsofdiamondinterchange.4.可以采用集散道路解决苜蓿式立交中存在的交织运行。Usingcollector-distributorroadscanovercomeweavingmovementsofthecloverleafinterchange.5.定向式立交中，左进和左出高速公路容易产生交通事故。Enteringfreewayfromtheleftandexitingittotheleftcaneasilycausetrafficaccidents.