超详细初中英语语法定语从句及练习

一个美丽的女孩abeautifulgirlbeautiful（形容词作前置定语）一个穿白色衣服的女孩agirlinwhiteinwhite（介词短语作后置定语）一个正唱歌的女孩agirlissingingwhoissinging（定语从句）定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成“……的”。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。什么是定语？LiMingisaboy.LiMinghasapairof____glasses.形容词作定语在复合句中，对一个名词或代词进行修饰或限定的从句叫做定语从句。goodLimingisaboywho/thatisgood.从句做定语redLiMinghasapairofglasseswhich/thatisred.从句做定语定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句（没有逗号隔开）TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.Thenovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytoughing.先行词引导词(关系词）从句Limingisaboywho/thatisgood.（被修饰的名词或代词）（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）修饰先行词的句子一、定语从句结构分析：先行词+引导词+从句ThisisthecardthatI’vejustreceived.先行词（被修饰的名词或代词）引导词（引导从句的词）从句关系代词关系副词who,that,which,whom,whoseWhere,when,why二、引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，ofwhichwherewhenwhy关系代词关系副词关系代词做句子成分关系副词不做句子成分什么是句子成分？五大基本句型1.主语+谓语vi2.主语+谓语vt+宾语3.主语+谓语Vt+宾语+宾语4.主语+谓语Vt+宾语+宾补5.主语+系动词+表语成分：主语or宾语缺成分找代词不缺找副词1.HarryPorterisaboy_____hasmagicpower.2.Doyouknowtheman_____wesawattheBeijingHotel?3.Iknowthegirl_______motherisateacher.4.Hospitalisaplace______adoctorworksWho/thatwherewhosewhom实战演练1.Thisisbeijing___________isbeautiful.2.Thisisbeijing___________Ivivsted.3.Thisisbeijing___________Ilived.4.Thereisahouse______roofisbroken.which/thatwhich/that/不where/inwhichwhose主代词宾代词不缺副词的所属1.Heistheteacher________canspeakFrench.2.I’mnotinterestedinthebook_________hasjustbeenpublished.3.Theteacherpraisedthestudent_____Englishisthebestinourclass.4.Istillremembertheday________Ifirstcametotheschool.5.Iwanttoknowtheplace______Iwasborn.6.Iknowthereason_________hewaslate.Who/tnatwhich/thatwhenwherewhywhose1.Doyouknowthereason_____shewaslate.2.Thisisthetown__________Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_________Ivisitedlastweek.3.Iwillneverforgettheday_______Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_______Ispentwithyou.4.Thisisthereason________hewaslate.Thisisthereason________hetoldme.Thereason_________heexplainedisnottrue.wherewhichwhenwhichwhywhichwhichwhywhose在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.ThisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblueThisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblueDoyouknowthegirl?HerhairisveryshortinourclassDoyouknowthegirlwhosehairisthehairofwhomveryshortinourclass?Heisthestudent.IbrokehispencilyesterdayHeisthestudentwhosepencilthepencilofwhomIbrokeyesterday.MrKingwasquicklytakentohospital.Herlegswerebadlyhurt.MrKing,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing.Ihavetoldyouherstory.WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing,whosestoryIhavetoldyou..Thechairisbeingrepairednow.Thelegsofthechairarebroken.Thechair,whoselegsarebrokenthelegsofwhicharebroken,ofwhichthelegsarebrokenisbeingrepairednow.Thebossofthecompanytoldthestoryabout….HisnamewasMrLittle.Thebossofthecompany,whosenamewasMrLittle,toldthestoryaboutMsKingThisteacherislikedbyallthestudents.Iworkwithherson.Thisteacher,withwhosesonIwork,islikedbyallthestudentsThebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhisdepartment.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.1Theriver___arecoveredwithtreesisverylong.AwhichbanksBofwhichbanksCwhosethebanksDthebanksofwhich2shelikestousewords___iscleartohim.AofwhichthemeaningBofwhichmeaningCwhoseofmeaningDmeaningofwhich3Themanager___companytheyworkedagreed____theirdecision.Awhich,withBinwhich,toCwhose,withDinwhose,with4Look!Thedictionary,____isred,isabirthdaygiftgivenbymyparents.AwhichcoverBthecoverofwhichCthewhosecoverDthatthecover5MrBrown,____,worksasthemanagerofthecompany.AwegothereinhiscarBwegotherebycarCinwhosecarwegothereDbywhosecarwegothereDADBC6Willyoupleaseshowmethegirl____nameisLinda?AwhoBwhomCwhoseDwhich7Itwasameeting,____importanceIdidnotrealizeatthetime.AwhichBofwhichCitsDwhose8Doyouknowwhoislivinginthathouse____windowsfacesouth?AwhoseBwhichCwhichofDits9whataboutthewatchpriceis100yuan？AthatBitsCwhichDwhose10Wetelephonedthemanhomewelivedin1996.AwhoseBinwhoseCofwhichDhis11MarkTwins,for_____lifehadoncebeenveryhard,wrotemanyfamousnovels.AwhoseBwhoCwhomDhis12Thereisamountain____isalwayscoveredwithsnow.AwhosethetopBofwhichtopCitstopDofwhichthetopCDADBCDAs也可以用来引导定语从句.当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时,关系代词用as.As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。1.Heisnotsuchamanasonlythinksofhimself.2.IshouldliketousethesamepenasIusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句指代对象先行词关系副词及相应结构时间day\year\date\timewhen\dur