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(第1页共4页)一、将下述四个汉语句子翻译成英语1、事实上,他们协调工程中每个人的活动。答:Theycoordinatetheactivitiesofvirtuallyeveryoneengagedinthework.2、建筑物的结构是建筑物的功能、环境、及各种社会经济因素共同作用的产物。答:Theformofabuildingisanoutgrowthofitsfunction,itsenvironment,andvarioussocioeconomicfactors.3、因为所需墙体的厚度很大,承重墙结构限制了建筑物的高度。答:Bearing-wallconstructionlimitedtheheightofbuildingsbecauseoftheenormouswallthicknessrequired.4、该体系由间距很小的柱子构成的外框筒与围绕中心设备区的刚性剪力墙内筒组成。答:Thesystemconsistsofanouterframedtubeofverycloselyspacedcolumnsandaninteriorrigidshearwalltubeenclosingthecentralservicearea.二、将下述句子翻译成中文1、Thedevelopmentofthestressed-skintubeutilizesthefaçadeofthebuildingasastructuralelementwhichactswiththeframedtube,thusprovidinganefficientwayofresistinglateralloadsinhigh-risebuildings,andresultingincost-effectivecolumn-freeinteriorspacewithahighratioofnettogrossfloorarea.答:薄壳筒体的进步是利用(高层)建筑的正面(墙或板)作为与框筒共同作用的结构构件,为高层建筑抵抗侧向荷载提供了一个有效的途径,而且可获得不设柱子、节省成本、使用面积与建筑面积之比很高的室内空间。2、Allsoilsbeneaththesurfaceareinastateofcompaction;thatis,theyareunderapressurethatisequaltotheweightofthesoilcolumnaboveit.答:所有地表以下的土都处于受压状态,说得更精确些,这些土承受与作用在其上的土柱重量相等的压力。3、Architecturecallsforgoodproportions—apleasingrelationshipofvoidstosolids,ofheighttowidth,oflengthtobreadth.答:建筑学要求有恰当的比例,即令人愉快的虚与实、高与宽、长与宽的关系。4、Manyteachingcivilengineersengageinbasicresearchthateventuallyleadstotechnicalinnovationsinconstructionmaterialsandmethods.答:许多从事教学的土木工程师参与会导致建筑材料和施工方法技术革新的基础研究。三、翻译下述专业词语(英译汉或汉译英)(第2页共4页)1、structuralengineering--------------结构工程2、岩土工程----------------------------geotechnicalengineering3、undergraduatestudents-------------本科毕业生4、管线工程-----------------------------pipelineengineering5、waterresourcesengineering-------水资源工程6、框架筒--------------------------------framedtube7、stressed-skintube-------------------薄壳筒体8、如上所述-----------------------------asdiscussedabove9、reinforcedconcrete------------------钢筋混凝土10、超高层建筑-------------------------ultrahigh-risebuilding四、将下述段落翻译汉语1Structuralengineering.Inthisspecialty,civilengineersplananddesignstructuresofalltypes,includingbridge,dams,powerplants,supportsforequipment,specialstructuresforoffshoreprojects,theUnitedStatesspaceprogram,transmissiontowers,giantastronomicalandradiotelescopes,andmanyotherkindsofprojects.Usingcomputers,structuralengineersdeterminetheforcesastructuremustresist:itsownweight,windandhurricaneforces,temperaturechangesthatexpandorcontractconstructionmaterials,andearthquakes.Theyalsodeterminethecombinationofappropriatematerials:steel,concrete,plastic,asphalt,brick,aluminum,orotherconstructionmaterials.答:结构工程.在这个专业中,土木工程师计划和设计各种各样的结构,包括桥,水坝,发电厂,设备的支柱,海岸工程的特殊结构,美国空间项目,发射塔,巨大的天文射电望远镜,和许多种其它的工程项目。利用计算机,结构工程师计算一个结构所必须承受的力:建筑物自重,风力和飓风力,温度变化而引起的建筑材料的热胀冷缩的应力,和地震力。他们也确定合适的材料组合方法:钢材,砼,塑料,沥青,砖,铝或其它建筑材料。2Thescientificbasisforthedesignofbuildingsassheltersandforthedesignof'civilengineeringstructuresforotherpurposesisidentical.Itisonlyasaresultofthespecializedrequirementsofourmodernsocietythatthesetwofieldshavedevelopedalongseparatepaths.Inasimilarmanner,themasterbuilderconcernedwiththebuildingasashelterisnolongeranindividual;instead,hisworkisdonebyateamofseveralspecialists:theplanner,thearchitect,theengineer,andthebuilder.Theexecutionofamodernbuildingdependsonthecollectivetalentsofthisteam.答:不管是将建筑物设计成躲风避雨的场所,还是将土木工程结构用于其它用途,其科学根据都是一样的。这两个领域沿着不同的道路发展,也只是我们的现代社会的特殊需求的结果。同理,将建筑物当成躲风避雨场所的建造商已不再是个人行为了;相反,其工作由几个专家所组成的队伍来完成,这些专家有:设计师,建筑师,工程师和施工人员。当代建筑主管要依靠他的建筑队的集体智慧。(第3页共4页)3Wherewastewaterdischargesintoriversfromwhichdrinkingwateristakendownstream(下游),specialattentionisgivennotonlytotheremovaloforganicmatterfromthewastesbutalsotothedisinfectionprocessesthatinactivatemicroorganisms(微生物).Alsoofconcernaredischargesoforganicchemicalcontaminantsfromindustryorrunofffromfarmlandsalongtherivercontaminatedbypesticides(杀虫剂)andherbicides(除草剂).答:从废水排入江河处的下游取用饮水时,不仅要特别注意从废水中清除有机物,而且要注意进行纯化微生物的消毒处理.也要关注从工厂排出的有机化学污染物,还要关注,沿杀虫剂和除草剂所污染的河流所灌溉的农田流出的排出物。五、判断以下各句下画线部分何处有错,并改错。(每句只有一处有错)1、Thehigh-risebuildingsrangingthrough50to110storiesthatarebeingbuiltallovertheU.S.aretheresultofinnovationsanddevelopmentofnewstructuralsystems.答:through→from2、Thesystem,knownasthetube-in-tubesystem,madeitpossibledesigningtheworld’spresenttallestbuilding.答:designing→todesign3、Civilengineerswhospecializeonthisfieldanalyzethepropertiesofsoilsandrocksthatsupportstructuresandaffectstructuralbehavior.答:on→in4、Manyalsoserveasconsultantsonengineeringprojects,orintechnicalboardsandcommissionsassociatedwithmajorprojects.答:in→on5、Theartofbuildingencompassesallofwoman’seffortstocontrolitsenvironmentanddirectnaturalforcestohisownneeds.答:woman’s→man’s(第4页共4页)
本文标题:建筑工程英语试题1
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