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EssayDevelopedbyChronologicalOrderMarch,2010Intellingastoryorrecountinganevent,theeasiestandclearestwayistodescribethingsinorderoftime:earlierthingsarementionedbeforelaterthings,thefirstthingfirstandthelastthinglast.Thismethodiscalledchronologicalsequencing.ChronologicalorderTellstoriesandincidentDescribehistoricaleventsnarrativeDescribeprocessorproceduresGivedirectionsorinstructionsexpositoryNarration按照一定的时间顺序叙述已经发生过的事情的文体称为“记叙文”。包括两类:虚构性记叙和事实性记叙Narrativesareessaysthatrelateonemomentinwhichawriterrevealsanexperiencehe/shehashad.Theyareusedtotellastoryinsuchawaysothereadercaneasilyfollowtheevents.KeyelementsofnarrationAsetting,orsomebackgroundinformation(背景)Agoal,ortheultimatepurposeofthewriting(目的)Aninitiationevent(起始事件)Simplereaction(简单反应)Anattempt(尝试)Anoutcome(结果),andTheending(结局)StrategiesforwritingnarrationContextSelectionofdetailsOrganizationPointofviewPurposeContextWhen,where,andtowhomtheactioninanarrativehappenedisoftenmadeclearatthebeginningofthenarrative.Thiswillprovidethereaderwithacontext,orcircumstance,tohelphimunderstandthewholenarrative.SelectsignificantdetailsfornarrationSixW’sWhathappened?Whenithappened?Whereithappened?Whyithappened?Howithappened?Whowas/wereinvolved?Inselectingsignificantdetails,oneshouldavoidthosedetailswhicharenotpertinenttotheabovesixquestions.EXAMPLEYouaresupposedtowriteaboutthetopicDailyRoutine:BrainstormingADayHappyBusyTerribleExampleMorningNightAfternoonDailyLifeStudyEnglish…Makeanappointmentwithsupervisor…Seeafilm…Thereshouldnotbetoomanydetailsinanarrative,orthereaderwillbeconfusedandloseinterestinthestory.Onlyrelevantdetails,orthethingsthatcontributetobringingoutthemainideasofthenarrative,areusefulandeffective.Whenselectiondetails,thewritershouldbearinmindhispurposeinwritingthenarrative.OrganizationAnarrativegenerallyhasabeginning,amiddleandanend.Thesettingmaybegiveninthebeginning.Themiddle(thebody)tellsthestoryitself.Whenthestoryisclearlytold,thenarrativecomestoanaturalend;thenthereisnoneedforasuperfluousconcludingparagraph.PointofviewAstorycanbetoldeitherinthefirstpersonorinthethirdperson,eachhavingitsadvantagesanddisadvantages:Afirst-personnarrativemaybemoregraphicandlifelike.Becauseitgivesthereadertheimpressionthatitiswhatthewriterhimselfhasseenorexperienced.Butthescopeofthenarrativemaybelimited,foritisdifficulttorecounteventsthathappenindifferentplacesatthethesametime.Athree-personnarrativeisfreefromthislimitation,anditmayseemmoreobjective,butitisnoteasytoputingoodorderthingsthathappentodifferentpeopleindifferentplaces.PurposeTheremustbeapurposeintellingastory.Thewritermaywanttoproveatheory,toillustrateaconcept,topraiseavirtue,tocondemnavice,etc.Heshouldmakesurethatthetotaleffectofhisnarrative,orthefinalimpressionitleavesonthereader,isinagreementwithhispurpose.Toachievethis,hehastochoosedetailsanddesigntheplotofhisstorycarefully.Pleasekeepthefollowingthingsinmindwhengoingonthenarratives:Whatisthepurposeofthenarrative?Beconsistentinyourviewpoint.Followalogicaltimesequence.ExpositoryExpositorydevelopedbytimeorderDescribeprocessorprocedureshow-it-takes-placeessayGivedirectionsorinstructionshow-to-do-itessayTheusualpurposeofwritingaprocessessayistobreakacomplicatedprocessintopartsorspecificstepsinorderthatitcanbeunderstoodeasily.Differenceshow-it-takes-placeessayhow-to-do-itessayIntroductionGivingadefinitionCertaincommentBodyThemainstepsarelogicallyprocedurallycorrelated(collecttheradiation,transfertheheat,dispensingthehotwater)Thestepsarenotcloselyandprocedurallyrelated(Buyingthenecessaryitems,getfishandfeedthem.)how-it-takes-placeessayhow-to-do-itessayvoicePassivevoiceImperativeactivepersonThird-personSecond-personstyleformalSubjectivePersonalcommentdictiontechniquepopular
本文标题:4-essay-development-by-time---order
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